Health
Work-related stress linked to increased risk of future sickness absence in middle-aged women
A study from the University of Gothenburg found that middle-aged women who experience work-related stress are at significantly increased risk of future sickness absence. Lack of influence and conflict at work are obvious stressors.
The aim of the study, published in the Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, was to investigate whether work-related psychological stress is associated with sickness absence among middle-aged women in the labour market.
The data used in this study consisted of information on 573 women of two different ages, 38 and 50 years, taken from the University of Gothenburg's comprehensive Population Survey of Gothenburg Women (PSWG), which was combined with register data on women's sick leave from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency.
Work-related conflict is a significant risk factor
At the start of the study, the majority of participants (504 women) were employed and working. Three in four were experiencing work-related or general mental stress, or both. In the following year, 16% had experienced at least one sick day of more than two weeks, and a pattern of sickness absence was evident.
Of the 21 specific work-related issues, work conflict and lack of influence over work decisions were most clearly associated with sick leave. With regard to work conflict, this was true whether the woman herself was involved or not.
Women who reported work conflict were more than twice as likely to have taken sick leave during the follow-up year (coefficient 2.31). The risk remained twice as high (coefficient 1.98) after adjusting for general stress, previous sick leave, age, sleep quality, health, and physical activity. Lack of empowerment was also associated with a significantly higher risk of sick leave (adjusted coefficient 1.71).
The importance of a better working environment
One of the study's lead authors is Kirsten Möhlig, associate professor of epidemiology and senior lecturer in health science statistics at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.
“Low decision-making capacity and conflict in the work environment are predictors of sickness absence, independent of general psychological stress or previous duration of sickness absence,” she explains. “Therefore, improving the work environment is important to reduce sickness absence among women in the labor market.”
The research team was led by Dominik Hange, associate professor of general medicine and senior lecturer at Nárhersan Tidan Primary Care Centre in Skovde, and a general practitioner.
Regardless of the women’s own involvement, the impact of workplace conflict may suggest specific vulnerabilities for women that could be interesting to address in the future.”
Kirsten Möhlig, Associate Professor of Epidemiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Senior Lecturer in Statistics for Health Sciences
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Journal References:
Moehrig, K. Other(2024). Investigating the influence of psychological and work-related stress on sick leave among middle-aged women: Observations from a population-based study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. doi.org/10.1080/02813432.2024.2380925.
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