Health
Measuring microplastic pollution in the marine food chain
Flinders University experts say testing levels of microplastic pollution in marine plankton is aimed at helping develop new ways to assess and manage the growing global pollution problem.
The researchers investigated the effects of five different chemical digesters on common plastics using low, medium and high levels of zooplankton and report their findings in a new paper. Science of the Total Environment.
Plastic pollution is the main form of marine litter, and the amount of plastic waste finding its way into rivers and oceans is increasing every year, says Elise Tuhri, a PhD student at Flinders University.
“Plastic pollution can be found in deep ocean and coastal sediments, surface waters and marine life. This can have far-reaching effects on ecosystems, including harm to marine animals and affecting food chains and habitats,” she said.
“If scientists can find a way to determine the association between microplastics and zooplankton, they may be able to better understand and mitigate the damage caused by microplastics.”
Microplastics (particles smaller than 5mm) have been found in seafood guts, raising concerns about the safety of seafood. Microplastics can also be found in drinking water and other foods. Both plastics and chemical additives are toxic.
Plastic pollution is the dominant form of man-made marine litter worldwide, with plastic production increasing exponentially from 2 million tonnes in 1950 to 380 million tonnes in 2015. Production is expected to triple by 2050.
Using different levels of cultured zooplankton grown in controlled conditions, researchers from Flinders University were able to examine the effects of five different chemical digestive agents (acidic, two types of alkaline, enzymatic and oxidative) on common plastics (polyamide, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene and polystyrene).
Professor Sophie Leterme, co-author of the recently published research paper, said: Comprehensive Environmental Sciencestated that different methods caused varying degrees of damage to the chemical and physical makeup of commonly found environmental microplastic pollutants.
Professor Leterme, director of the ARC Biofilm Research and Innovation Centre at Flinders University, said these methods could help collect data on microplastic particles by reporting their presence.
“This will enable us to understand the environmental and health impacts and develop effective strategies to reduce marine pollution,” she says.
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