Health
Avian influenza discovered in sewage from 10 Texas cities through virome sequencing
The avian influenza A(H5N1) virus that infected cattle and 14 humans this year was detected in wastewater from 10 Texas cities by researchers from the University of Texas at Houston and Baylor College of Medicine using virome sequencing, which is the collection of viruses present in a sample (in this case a sewage sample).
This information is New England Journal of Medicine.
Through March 2024, H5N1 had not been detected in any of the 1,337 wastewater samples analyzed by the research team. However, from March 4 to July 15 (the end date of data collection for this article), H5N1 was detected in 10 of 10 cities, 22 of 23 locations, and 100 of 399 samples. However, the abundance of H5N1 in wastewater samples collected over time did not correlate with influenza-related hospitalizations during the same period, so the risk to the public was extremely low.
UTHealth Houston and Baylor have established a wastewater testing program as part of the Texas Epidemic and Public Health Institute (TEPHI).
The sequencing protocol used by the research team can detect genetic changes that indicate the virus has adapted to mammals, possibly even humans. The lack of clinical burden in humans and genomic information suggest that the viral load found in wastewater during that time period was of animal origin. However, the researchers concluded that continued surveillance is essential to monitor for evolutionary adaptations that could signal the potential for human infection.
The lead authors of the journal letter are Michael J. Tiza, PhD, assistant professor of molecular virology and microbiology at Baylor University; Blake Hanson, PhD, assistant professor in the Center for Infectious Diseases at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center at Houston; Eric Borwinkle, PhD, director of TEPHI, Kozmetsky Family Professor of Human Genetics and M. David Law Professor of Public Health at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Anthony W. Maresso, PhD, Joseph L. Melnick Professor of Virology at Baylor University. Borwinkle and Hanson are also members of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston.
The team will detect viruses in wastewater using a set of viral probe captures targeting thousands of viral species and variants. Since May 2022, TEPHI has detected over 400 human and animal viruses, some of which (SARS-CoV-2, influenza, mpox) have been correlated with clinical case data in the population.
Co-authors from UTHealth Houston include Kristina Mena, PhD, the Jane Dale Owen Professor of Environmental Health Protection, Anna Gitter, PhD, Fuqing Wu, PhD, Janelle Rios MPH, PhD, and Jennifer Deegan MPAff. Co-authors from Baylor College of Medicine include Justin Clark, PhD, Li Wang, MD, PhD, Katelyn Payne, BS, Matthew Ross, PhD, Sara Javornik Cregeen, PhD, Juwan Cormier, PhD, Vasanthi Avadhanula, PhD, Austen Terwilliger, PhD, Pedro Piedra, MD, PhD, and Joseph Petrosino, PhD. John Balliew of the El Paso Water Authority was also a co-author.
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Sources 2/ https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/09/240911180009.htm The mention sources can contact us to remove/changing this article |
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