Health
Study sheds light on how virus-fighting cells develop during the long course of COVID-19
A new study into long COVID-19 has investigated how a specific population of white blood cells called memory T cells form and develop as part of the body's defences to fight the disease.
The research was led by the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity.Doherty Institute) was released today, PNAS, We found that memory T cells that recognize SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can form and retain the ability to fight subsequent infections even two years after a COVID-19 diagnosis, despite the long time that has passed since the diagnosis.
T cells fight viral infections by killing virus-infected cells. T cells play a special role in the body's immune defense system in that they can remember encounters with viruses and become long-term memory T cells to protect against subsequent infections, even if the virus mutates.
Dr Louise RowntreeThe paper's lead author, a senior research fellow at the Doherty Institute, said the study included 31 long COVID patients from Australia and Hong Kong.
“In this study, we looked at memory T cells capable of recognizing SARS-CoV-2 in people with long COVID for two years after SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent COVID-19 vaccination,” she said.
“We found that these SARS-CoV-2 memory T cells can become established and maintain key characteristics over that time period. Our findings are novel, as long-term T cell immunity in people with long COVID has not been well studied.”
Symptoms of Long COVID vary and can include weakness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating and chest pain, and can last anywhere from 12 weeks to two years.
Dr. Oanh Nguyen, A senior investigator from the Doherty Institute who co-led the study said recall of T cell memory is necessary for faster recovery from COVID-19, and that establishing such a strong T cell response is important for protection against subsequent infection with new strains.
“We know that long COVID, which occurs after COVID-19 infection, is a rare disease, but it can have a major impact on people's daily lives and also on the healthcare system,” she said.
“Although research into the underlying mechanisms is progressing, immunity remains an understudied area, and this is an important step in understanding how the body responds.”
Recipient: Professor Peter DohertyOne of the study's authors said the paper represents important research.
“By applying lessons learned and techniques developed to study the cellular immune response in human influenza, we have been able to rapidly progress our analysis of this aspect of the immune response in COVID-19,” Professor Doherty said.
“This opens up an important window into understanding where future treatments and vaccines need to go.”
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