Researchers identify markers for more severe cases

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains the leading cause of hospitalization in young children and causes respiratory illnesses such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. However, it is not well understood why some children experience only mild symptoms while others suffer from severe disease.

To better understand what's happening in these cases, clinician-scientists at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Boston Children's Hospital, founding members of the Massachusetts General Brigham Health System, examined patients' airways. and analyzed blood samples and found distinct changes in critically ill children. A case of RSV that includes an increased number of natural killer (NK) cells in the airways.

This descriptive study focuses on understanding the basis of severe disease and may help lay the foundation for identifying new targets for future treatments. Results are posted below scientific translational medicine.

“As a physician, I help care for the most severely ill children, and as a researcher, I want to understand why they get so sick,” said corresponding author Melody G. Duvall, M.D. said the doctor. , of the Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) and the Division of Critical Care Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital.

“NK cells are important first responders during viral infections, but they may also contribute to inflammation in the lungs. Interestingly, our findings suggest that in the most severely ill patients, NK cells also Our data, along with previous studies, link NK cells to severe viral disease. , suggesting that these cellular pathways merit further investigation. ”

Duvall and colleagues, including lead author Roisin B. Reilly of BWH's Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, examined and analyzed samples from 47 children critically ill with RSV. immune cells It is detected in the respiratory tract and peripheral blood. Compared to uninfected children, critically ill children had increased levels of NK cells in their airways and decreased NK cells in their blood. They also discovered that both the appearance of the cells themselves and their ability to perform the immunological function of killing diseased cells changed.

Duvall and his co-authors explained before Rapid increase in pediatric RSV infections following the pandemic. Clinicians can only provide supportive care for the most seriously ill children; Vaccines to prevent RSV It is now available to children under 19 months, adults over 60, and pregnant women.

In addition to Duvall and Reilly, the authors include Saïsha K. Ramdour (BWH), Mary E. Fuhlbrigge (BWH), Luciana P. Tavares (BWH), Steven J. Staffa (BCH), and Jocelyn M. Booth (BCH) , includes Nandini. Krishnamoorthy (BWH), Bruce D. Levy (BWH).

Detailed information:
Roisin B. Reilly et al, Altered natural killer cell immunophenotype characterizes clinically severe childhood RSV infection. scientific translational medicine (2024). DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ado6606

Provided by
Brigham and Women's Hospital

quotation: Inside RSV: Researchers identify markers for more severe cases (October 12, 2024) from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2024-10-rsv-markers-severe-cases.html Retrieved October 12, 2024

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