Health
Innovative method using ultra-thin film realizes rapid cancer diagnosis
There are billions of tiny packets of cellular material called extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are produced by cells and released into each person's blood, saliva, and other body fluids. EVs contain valuable information such as proteins and genetic material from their cells of origin, which can provide insight into the state of the body. Scientists have been trying to harness EVs for diagnostic and therapeutic potential, but have struggled to do so quickly and cost-effectively.
In a study published in smallUniversity of Rochester researchers outline a new method that uses ultrathin films to easily identify EVs in rapid liquid biopsies. A method called liquid catch and display biopsy (CAD-LB) is expected to quickly and affordably diagnose cancer and evaluate advances in therapies used to treat the disease.
By searching for these extracellular vesicles and their biomarkers in samples of blood and other body fluids, researchers can find important clues that something is wrong in the body. Although this idea has been around for some time, previously many purification steps were required to separate EVs from other components of biological fluids. CAD-LB is much simpler and faster, giving it potential for clinical use over more complex methods. ”
James McGrath, William R. Kennan Jr. Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Research Leader
The research team developed an ultra-thin film with pores of the perfect size to trap EVs. Once a blood sample is collected, it is immediately processed, pipetted into a membrane, and analyzed directly under a microscope. By counting the number of glowing pores, biomarker For the disease being evaluated, users can quickly estimate how widespread the disease is in the body.
In addition to outlining the CAD-LB method, this study also demonstrated the ability of this method to identify important immunomodulatory proteins on EVs. These proteins play an important role in helping the body fight tumors and can predict how well a patient will respond to immunotherapy.
“CAD-LB is now sensitive enough to detect some cancers at a curable stage of development, suggesting the technology could be used for cancer screening,” said co-author Rochester. says Jonathan Flax, assistant professor of urology at University Medical Center. . “This could also be used to predict patient-specific choices for immunotherapy, which is a treatment that instructs the immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells.”
McGrath would like to acknowledge lead author and biomedical engineering doctoral student Samuel Walker for his leadership of the study, and major financial support from Wilmot Cancer Institute and UR Ventures Technology Development Fund. He praised the company for providing it.
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Reference magazines:
Walker, S.N. others. (2024). Rapid assessment of biomarkers on single extracellular vesicles using “catch and display” on ultrathin nanoporous silicon nitride membranes. small. doi.org/10.1002/smll.202405505.
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