Health
Autism is becoming more prevalent among young people
Due to increased awareness, screening, and evolving definitions, four times as many children have been diagnosed with autism over the past 20 years. New research suggests that diagnoses have increased rapidly among young adults over the past decade.
Researchers say autism spectrum disorders have jumped 175% in the United States, from 2.3 per 1,000 people in 2011 to 6.3 per 1,000 people in 2022. During the same period, diagnosis rates rose more rapidly among adults in their mid-20s to mid-30s, according to the study published Wednesday in JAMA Network Open.
Luke Grosvenor, the study's lead author and a postdoctoral fellow in Kaiser Permanente's Northern California Research Division, said the researchers involved in this study They set out to assess the number of adults diagnosed with autism.
“There is a lack of research focused on adults with autism,” Grosvenor said.
In 2022, children aged 5 to 8 years were most likely to be diagnosed with autism at 30.3 per 1,000 children. The next highest rate of autism was among children aged 4 and under, at 28.8 per 1,000.
Study Tracks Increased Autism Rates in Adults
The study found that autism rates among young adults were much lower than among children, but also found that autism was increasing at a faster pace among these adults. Research shows autism rates among adults aged 26 to 34 increased by more than 450% from 2011 to 2022.
Grosvenor said rising rates of autism among adults show that “transition services for people with autism and their families need to be improved” as they enter adulthood.
Although children have access to services such as speech and language therapy and other therapies at school, they often no longer receive such care as adults. But the need hasn't gone away, Grosvenor said.
“That's the service cliff in autism,” Grosvenor said, adding that it was “very important” that adults with autism receive the care they need.
Experts not involved in the study said the study provides valuable insight into the prevalence of autism among adults who are not routinely monitored by federal researchers on autism surveillance.
Dr. Alicia Halladay, chief scientific officer of the Autism Science Foundation, said the study's numbers show similar results to those reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for younger children. But she said the estimates from the adult study were “very important” and called attention to the need to follow people with autism over time. He said the study also shows the value of collecting information from medical records so researchers can look more closely at people with autism.
However, Halladay said the study did not provide a more detailed look at how older adults with autism fared. She said she would like to see research with autistic adults that addresses issues such as educational attainment and employment prospects.
Autism rates vary by race and gender
The JAMA Network study also reported differences in autism rates by race, ethnicity, and gender. Diagnosis rates were highest in American Indian or Alaska Native children and adults. The increase in autism was greater among Black, Asian, Hispanic, American Indian, and Alaska Native children compared to white children.
Boys were still more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls. However, the report notes that the rate of autism diagnoses increased at a faster rate among girls than boys over the study period.
Halladay said biological factors are contributing to rising autism rates in boys.
“Boys' and girls' brains are very different and develop at different rates,” Halladay says. “It is thought that girls have better social skills early on, so they may perhaps be able to mask autistic traits better than boys.”
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