Syphilis may have spread throughout Europe before Columbus

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease and is generally dismissed because of the availability of modern treatments, but it is actually spreading at an alarming rate. Treponema pallidum fungus. Other treponemal diseases such as yo and bejer are caused by other variants of Treponema paris dam. The origin of the syphilis that caused the European turmoil in the late 15th and 18th centuries is unknown. The most popular hypothesis to date is that Christopher Columbus and his sailors are responsible for bringing this disease from the New World to Europe.

Yaw is already widespread in Europe

A new study shows considerable potential that Treponema Paris Dam was already in Europe before Columbus set sail for the United States. Researchers have discovered treponematosis from archaeological sites in Finland, Estonia, and the Netherlands. Both molecular dating of ancient bacterial genomes and traditional radiocarbon dating of samples were used to estimate the age of pathogens that cause these diseases. The results show that the genome dates from the early 15th century to the 18th century.

In addition to cases of syphilis, researchers found a chin in one of the individuals. Like syphilis, the chin is transmitted through skin contact, but rarely through sexual intercourse. Today the disease is only found in tropical and subtropical regions. “Our data shows that Yaw was spread throughout Europe. As it is today, it’s not limited to the tropics.”

Discovery of unknown pathogen genome

The team also discovered something else: The skeleton found in the Netherlands contained a pathogen belonging to a new and unknown underlying treponemal strain. This strain evolved in parallel with syphilis, Yaw But today it no longer exists disease.. “This unexpected discovery is particularly exciting for us because it is genetically similar to all current Treponema subspecies, but it also has unique properties that make it different,” UZH said. First author Kerttu Majander said:

The existence of several closely related variants of Treponema pallidum throughout Europe makes it possible for the disease to persist in overlapping areas and sometimes infect the same patient. of Spatial distribution It has also been suggested that early-onset treponematosis is already widespread in early modern Europe in the northern European region.

Not just Columbus

“It’s the first time we have been able to use our ancient genome to apply reliable dating to the Treponema family tree,” says Schünemann. of Genetic analysis What has been done in this study suggests that the predecessor of all modern Treponema pallidum subspecies may have evolved at least 2,500 years ago. Especially in the case of venereal syphilis, the most recent common ancestors existed between the 12th and 16th centuries.

Due to the newly discovered diversity of treponematosis in early modern Europe, syphilis may have occurred in the old world or perhaps even more developed. “The first known outbreak of syphilis cannot be attributed solely to Columbus’ voyage to the United States,” Schunemann concludes. “Treponematosis strains may have co-evolved and replaced Genetic material Before and during intercontinental communication. Theories about the causes of syphilis and other treponemal diseases may still need to be revised. “

This study Current biology..

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First decoded ancient syphilis genome

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For more information:
Current biology, DOI: 10.1016 / j.cub.2020.07.058

Provided by
University of Zurich

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