A simple nasal swab could change the way asthma is diagnosed and treated in children

Dealing with asthma in children can be difficult, especially when it is difficult to pinpoint the cause of the asthma. Asthma is not the same for everyone, and there are different types that require different treatments. But a new breakthrough could make it much easier to figure out what's going on. Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed a rapid nasal swab test that can identify asthma subtypes in children.

In a recent study published in JAMA, the research team analyzed nasal samples from about 460 children, focusing on high-risk groups like Puerto Rican and African American children. Using this simple swab, your doctor can better understand the cause of your child's asthma and prescribe appropriate treatment. Instead of invasive tests, this could make asthma diagnosis faster and more accurate, potentially revolutionizing asthma treatment.

What's new in asthma diagnosis?

Asthma has always been a bit difficult to diagnose. Doctors used to rely on invasive tests such as lung tissue samples, which required the child to be put under anesthesia, which was not ideal, especially in mild cases. Instead, we made an educated guess based on blood tests, lung function, and allergy history. However, it has been difficult to accurately identify asthma subtypes. Now, a simple nasal swab test is about to change everything.

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This new nasal swab test is easier than you think. Doctors simply take a sample from inside a child's nose and analyze the activity of specific immune cells associated with different endotypes of asthma. This test can identify whether your asthma is T2-high, T17-high, or low-low. These subtypes respond to different types of treatments, so knowing exactly which type of treatment your child falls into can help doctors choose the right medication without guessing. .

Why is this important, especially for children from minority communities?

Asthma does not affect all children equally. For example, Puerto Rican and African American children suffer from asthma at higher rates than white children. They are also more likely to experience serious complications. That's why this new test, studied in children from these high-risk areas, is so important. It provides more customized treatment and could help save lives in the long run.

What about treatment?

For children with T2-high asthma, there are already some great new treatments in the form of biologics that target the immune cells that cause the disease. However, for other subtypes (T17-high and low-low), there is still no specific treatment. But this nasal swab test allows doctors to more easily identify these less-understood subtypes, which could spur research into new treatments.

Will this test help answer other big questions?

The new test not only has the potential to improve treatments, but it also has the potential to unravel some of the mysteries of asthma. For example, why does some children's asthma worsen during adolescence? Or why do women have more asthma as they get older? Understanding the nuances of asthma subtypes can help researchers answer these questions and may ultimately lead to better long-term solutions.
This simple nasal swab test could change the way children's asthma is treated. Instead of invasive tests, doctors now have a clearer picture of what causes asthma and how best to treat it. It's faster, more accurate, and could lead to better, more personalized care, especially for the children who need it most.

Researchers develop new symptom-based screening technology to detect asthma risk in children

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