Health
Mitochondrial damage associated with beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes
Mitochondria are essential for generating energy that promotes cells and supports function.
However, mitochondrial defects are associated with the development of diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Patients suffering from this disorder are unable to produce sufficient insulin or use insulin produced by the pancreas to maintain blood glucose at normal levels.
Several studies have shown that insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells in diabetic patients have abnormal mitochondria and are unable to produce energy. However, these studies were unable to explain why cells behaved this way.
In research published in ScienceUniversity of Michigan researchers used mice to show that dysfunctional mitochondria trigger responses that affect beta cell maturation and function.
I wanted to determine which pathways were important to maintain proper mitochondrial function. ”
Emily M. Walker, PhD, Research Assistant Professor, First Author of Research
To that end, the team damaged three components essential to mitochondrial function. It maintains their DNA, the pathways used to remove damaged mitochondria, and a healthy pool of mitochondria within the cell.
“In all three cases, the exact same stress response was turned on, making the beta cells immature, stopping the production of sufficient insulin, essentially stopping becoming beta cells,” Walker said. I did.
“Our results show that mitochondria can signal the nucleus and change the fate of cells.”
The researchers also confirmed their findings in human islet cells.
Mitochondrial dysfunction affects several types of cells
Their results led the team to expand their search to other cells affected during diabetes.
Loss of beta cells is the most direct path to acquiring type 2 diabetes. Through our research, we explain what is happening now and how the underlying causes can be intervened and corrected. ”
Scott A. Soleimanpour, MD
“Diabetes is a multi-system disease. You gain weight, your liver produces too much sugar, and your muscles are affected. So I wanted to see other tissues too,” says Michigan director Scott A. Soleimanpur (Center for Diabetes Research and Senior Author of Research.
The team repeated mouse experiments with liver cells and fat-storage cells, and found that the same stress response was turned on. Both cell types were unable to mature and functioned properly.
“We haven't tested all possible cell types, but we believe the results can be applied to all different tissues affected by diabetes,” says Soleimanpour.
Reversing mitochondrial damage can help treat diabetes
Regardless of cell type, researchers found that mitochondrial damage did not cause cell death.
This observation increased the likelihood that cells would function properly if they could reverse the damage.
To that end, they used a drug called Isrib, which blocks stress responses. They discovered four weeks later that beta cells had regained their ability to control glucose levels in mice.
“Losing beta cells is the most direct path to acquiring type 2 diabetes. Through our research, we now intervene in what is happening and how to make the underlying cause. “We're going to explain whether we can fix it,” Soleimanpour said.
The team is working on further analysis of the confused cellular pathways and hopes to replicate the results in cell samples from diabetic patients.
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Journal Reference:
Walker, em, et al. (2025). Retrograde mitochondrial signaling governs identity and maturation of metabolic tissues. Science. doi.org/10.1126/science.adf2034.
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Sources 2/ https://www.news-medical.net/news/20250208/Mitochondrial-damage-linked-to-beta-cell-dysfunction-in-type-2-diabetes.aspx The mention sources can contact us to remove/changing this article |
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