Health
Vitamin supplements slow the progression of glaucoma in animal research
Vitamin supplements that improve eye metabolism seem to slow down the damage to the optic nerves of glaucoma. Promising results have been published in the journal Cells report drugs. The researchers behind this study are currently starting clinical trials on patients.
Glaucoma causes gradual damage to the optic nerve, leading to loss of vision, and in the worst case scenario, blindness. High pressure on the eyes drives disease, so eye drops, laser treatments or surgery are used to reduce eye pressure and slow down illness. Unfortunately, however, the effects are different.
Glaucoma researchers have long theorized that the substance homocysteine is somehow related to the understanding of disease. Currently, researchers at Karolinska Institetet are investigating the role of homocysteine in several ways. In the current study, the researchers found that if glaucoma rats have increased levels of homocysteine, their illness does not worsen.
The researchers also found that high levels of homocysteine in the blood of glaucoma patients were not correlated with how quickly the disease progressed, and that glaucoma was less common in people with genetic sensitivity to form high levels of homocysteine. Based on these findings, the researchers concluded that homocysteine was the result of disease rather than promoting it.
Because homocysteine is a natural part of the body's metabolism, researchers wanted to investigate the metabolic pathways in which homocysteine is involved in both rodents and humans with glaucoma. They then saw some abnormalities, most important of which were metabolic changes associated with the ability of the retina to use certain vitamins. This change meant that metabolism slowed locally in the retina, which played a role in the development of the disease.
Our conclusion is that homocysteine is not a player, but a bystander of the disease process. Changes in homocysteine levels may reveal that the retina is losing its ability to use certain vitamins necessary to maintain a healthy metabolism. So I wanted to investigate whether these vitamin supplements could protect the retina. ”
James Tribble, co-lead of the paper, researcher and assistant professor at the Department of Clinical Neuroscience at Karolinska Institet
In experiments with glaucoma mice and rats, the researchers gave vitamins B, B9 and B12 supplements, as well as choline. This had a positive effect. In mice with slow glaucoma, the damage to the optic nerve was completely stopped. In rats that had a more aggressive disease with faster progression, the disease slowed down.
In these experiments, intraocular pressure was left untreated. Researchers emphasized it as being particularly interesting. It suggests that vitamin mixing affects disease in a different way than lowering intraocular pressure.
“The results are so promising that we have started our clinical trials. Patients are already recruited at S:T Eriks Eye Hospital in Stockholm,” says James Tribble.
Primary angles include patients with both glaucoma (slow progression) and simulated developmental glaucoma (faster progression).
For more information about clinical trials, please see here. (https://nyheter.ki.se/forskningspersoner-sokes/har-du-glaukom-gron-starr-och-vill-du-vara-med-i-en-studieom study).
The research is funded by the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Eye Health Fund, the Jeansson Foundation, the Princess Margaratha Foundation for the Visually Impaired, the Åke Wiberg Foundation, the Petrus & Augusta Hedland Foundation, and others.
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Journal Reference:
Tribble, Jr. et al. (2025). Dysfunctional one-carbon metabolism identifies vitamins B6, B9, B12, and choline as neuroprotective properties of glaucoma. Cells report drugs. doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102127.
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