Health
Global life expectancy is back to pre-pandemic levels, but deaths among teens and young adults are rising
Humans are living 20 years longer than they were in 1950, and mortality rates have fallen since then, according to a new study covering all 204 countries and territories surveyed. However, significant inequalities remain and there is a “new crisis” of rising mortality rates among adolescents and young adults. Life expectancy in 2023 was 76.3 years for women and 71.5 years for men, returning to pre-pandemic levels after falling at the height of the pandemic, according to an analysis published Sunday in The Lancet by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington School of Medicine. COVID-19 has fallen from the leading cause of death in 2021 to the 20th place in 2023, with heart disease and stroke once again emerging as the leading cause of death worldwide. According to IHME, global deaths are generally shifting away from infectious diseases, with deaths from measles, diarrheal diseases and tuberculosis declining sharply. Non-communicable diseases currently account for approximately two-thirds of global mortality and morbidity statistics, including both deaths and the widespread burden of disease. Death rates for heart disease and stroke have decreased since 1990, but rates for diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and Alzheimer's disease have increased. “The world's rapidly growing aging population and evolving risk factors have ushered in a new era of global health challenges,” said IHME Director Dr. Christopher Murray. “The evidence presented in the Global Burden of Disease Study is a wake-up call that urges governments and health leaders to respond quickly and strategically to disturbing trends that are reshaping public health needs.” About half of the global disease burden is preventable, and this is due to dozens of modifiable risk factors, according to new research. High blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity are among the 10 most influential risk factors. IHME found. Between 2010 and 2023, high body mass index (measured by years of life lost to disability and premature death) increased the burden of disease by 11%, and high blood sugar increased by 6%. Environmental factors such as particulate pollution and lead exposure are also among the most important risk factors, along with factors related to newborn health such as low birth weight and short pregnancies. Additionally, mental health plays a key role in global mortality rates. Going New While the world's population is growing and aging, mortality rates among children and young people are increasing in some parts of the world, according to IHME research. Among young people and young adults, the largest increase in deaths over the past decade or so has been among high-income North American youths aged 20 to 39, primarily due to suicide, drug overdoses and heavy alcohol use, the IHME study shows. Infectious diseases and unintentional injuries also increased among adolescents and young adults in Eastern Europe, high-income North America, the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa. Globally, iron deficiency is the main risk for children aged 5 to 14, followed by risks associated with unsafe water, sanitation, hygiene and malnutrition. In the 15-49 age group, the top two risks are unsafe sex and occupational accidents, followed by high BMI, high systolic blood pressure and smoking. Overall, life expectancy ranges from a high of 83 years in high-income regions to a low of 62 years in sub-Saharan Africa, the IHME study found. New study highlights 'urgent need for policymakers to scale up health priorities,' IHME researcher says. “Decades of efforts to close the gap in low-income regions where health disparities persist are at risk of being dismantled by recent international aid cuts,” said Emanuela Gakidou, IHME professor and senior author of the new study. “These countries rely on global health funding for life-saving primary care, medical care and vaccines. Without it, inequalities are sure to widen.”
Humans are living 20 years longer than they were in 1950, and mortality rates have fallen since then, according to a new study covering all 204 countries and territories surveyed. However, significant inequalities remain, creating a “new crisis” of rising mortality rates among adolescents and young adults.
According to Japan, the average life expectancy in 2023 is 76.3 years for women and 71.5 years for men. analysis The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington School of Medicine published Sunday in the journal The Lancet that after declining at the height of the coronavirus outbreak, it has returned to pre-pandemic levels.
COVID-19 fell from the leading cause of death in 2021 to 20th in 2023, with heart disease and stroke once again emerging as the leading cause of death worldwide.
Deaths around the world have generally shifted away from infectious diseases, with deaths from measles, diarrheal diseases and tuberculosis declining sharply. According to IHME.
Non-communicable diseases currently account for approximately two-thirds of global mortality and morbidity, including both deaths and the widespread burden of disease. Since 1990, mortality rates for heart disease and stroke have decreased, but mortality rates for diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and Alzheimer's disease have increased.
“The world's rapidly growing aging population and evolving risk factors have ushered in a new era of global health challenges,” said IHME Director Dr. Christopher Murray. “The evidence from the Global Burden of Disease Study is a wake-up call for governments and health leaders to respond quickly and strategically to the disturbing trends that are reshaping public health needs.”
According to the World Health Organization, about half of the world's diseases are preventable. new researchdue to dozens of modifiable risk factors.
High blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes and obesity were found to be among the 10 most influential risk factors, according to IHME. Between 2010 and 2023, higher BMI (measured in years of life lost due to disability or premature death) increased the burden of disease by 11% and hyperglycemia by 6%.
Environmental factors such as particulate pollution and lead exposure were also among the most important risk factors, along with factors related to newborn health such as low birth weight and short pregnancies.
Additionally, new research shows that mental health plays a key role in global mortality rates, with the burden of anxiety and depression skyrocketing.
As the world's population continues to grow and age, mortality rates among children and young people are increasing in some parts of the world.
The IHME study found that over the past decade or so, the biggest increases in deaths among youth and young adults in North America were among high-income people aged 20 to 39, with suicide, drug overdose and heavy alcohol consumption being the main causes.
Additionally, deaths among people aged 5 to 19 increased in Eastern Europe, high-income North America, and the Caribbean, while deaths among adolescents and young adults in sub-Saharan Africa increased due to infectious diseases and unintentional injuries.
Globally, iron deficiency is the main risk for children aged 5 to 14 years, followed by risks associated with unsafe water, sanitation, hygiene, and malnutrition. In the 15-49 age group, the top two risks were unsafe sexual behavior and occupational accidents, followed by high BMI, high systolic blood pressure and smoking.
Overall, life expectancy ranges from a maximum of 83 years in high-income regions to a minimum of 62 years in sub-Saharan Africa, according to IHME research.
IHME researchers said the new study highlights “the urgent need for policymakers to scale up health priorities,” especially among adolescents and young adults, rather than limiting resources.
“Decades of efforts to close the gap in low-income regions where health disparities persist are at risk of being dismantled by recent international aid cuts,” said Emanuela Gakidou, lead author of the new study. and a professor at IHME. “These countries rely on global health funding for life-saving primary care, medical care and vaccines. Without it, inequalities are sure to widen.”
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