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Why people with COVID-19 lose their sense of smell

 


In a recent study, researchers studying tissues removed from patients’ noses during surgery found that so many people with COVID-19 found reasons to lose their sense of smell even in the absence of other symptoms. believe.

In an experiment to find out why people suffering from COVID-19 lose their sense of smell, researchers found very high levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE-2) only in the nasal area responsible for the smell. Did. This enzyme is thought to be the “entrance” that allows the coronavirus to enter cells of the body and cause infection.

Researchers say their findings could provide clues as to why COVID-19 is infectious, and targeting this part of the body could provide a more effective treatment. I suggest that.

A study by Prof. Andrew P. Lane, who is head of department of rhinology and skull base surgery, and Dr. Mengfei Chen, a researcher, has been published in the European Respiratory Journal.

“Other respiratory viruses usually cause a sensation of odor due to airflow obstruction due to swelling of the nasal cavity, but this virus can also cause odor loss in the absence of other nasal symptoms.” Said.

Survey method

The team used tissue samples behind the nose of 23 patients resected during endoscopic surgery for conditions such as tumors and chronic rhinosinusitis, inflammatory diseases of the nose and sinuses ..

They also studied biopsies from the trachea of ​​7 patients. No patient was diagnosed with coronavirus.

In the lab, researchers used fluorescent dyes in tissue samples to microscopically detect and visualize the presence of ACE2 and compare levels of ACE2 in various cell types and parts of the nose and upper respiratory tract.

Investigation result

They found most ACE2 in the cells behind the olfactory epithelium, the region of the back of the nose where body odors were detected.

The levels of ACE2 in these cells were 200 to 700 times higher than in other tissues of the nose and trachea, similar in all samples of the olfactory epithelium, regardless of whether the patient was treated for chronic rhinosinusitis. It was a very high level. Another condition.

ACE2 was not detected in olfactory neurons or neurons that transmit information about olfaction to the brain.

Dr. Chen said: “We found that this method had the highest levels of ACE2, the COVID-19 “entry point” protein, in the nose where we could smell it. The result of these is that this area of ​​the nose is where coronaviruses are beginning to enter the body. “

The olfactory epithelium is the easiest part of the virus to reach and is not buried deep inside the body. It may also explain why a very high level of ACE2 easily catches COVID-19. ..

“We are doing more experiments in the lab to see if the virus actually uses these cells to access the body and become infected. In that case, antiviral therapy delivered directly from the nose. You may be able to tackle the infection in.”

This finding needs to be confirmed, but it offers a possible new avenue for treating infections.

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