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Breaking News | Warns Prof Oxford Of More Viruses Like Covid-19 In The Future
Today’s professor warned that modern lifestyles are more likely to cause more illnesses that could be pandemics to jump from animals to humans in the near future.
Sara Gilbert, the brain behind the Covid-19 vaccine at the University of Oxford, said increasing global travel and population growth increase the risk of an outbreak of animal-borne infections.
Animal-borne diseases have become more common in recent years as they bring animals closer to each other and to humans through the intense logging and deforestation of meat.
Gilbert said the current pandemic highlighted how travel abroad exacerbated the spread of these viruses, making it more difficult for larger populations to eradicate them.
The exact origin of Covid-19 is currently unknown, but consensus is that the bat originated and passed on to humans before it jumped to other animals.
Professor Gilbert, a vaccinologist at the Jenner Institute in Oxford, Independent:’As the world situation is advancing, there is a high possibility that a zoonotic disease will occur and cause an outbreak in the future.
“Increased population density, increased travel, deforestation – all of these things make it more likely that these outbreaks will occur and then something will spread.”
Sara Gilbert, the brain behind the Oxford University Covid vaccine, said increased world travel and population growth increased the risk of an outbreak of animal-borne infections.
The exact origin of Covid-19 is currently unknown, but consensus is that it originated in bats before they jumped to other animals and was passed on to people (stock image).
What is zoonosis?
Zoonotic diseases are diseases transmitted to humans from vertebrates such as mammals, fish, birds, and reptiles.
In these diseases, infectious agents called pathogens can survive across species boundaries.
They vary in potency and are often less dangerous in some species than others.
To be successful, they rely on long, direct contact with various animals.
Covid-19 (suspected)
Covid-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. It already has its genome compared to the gene sequences of over 200 other coronaviruses that infect different animals around the world.
SARS-CoV-2 appears to be a recent mix or genetic modification of coronaviruses. As a result of this recombination, one of the proteins in SARS-CoV-2 allows the virus to enter human cells.
Other studies have shown that the virus is 96% identical to a previously identified bat coronavirus, with a common ancestor approximately 50 years ago.
It is hypothesized to be the origin of the unknown pathway that caused SARSCoV-2 to be transmitted to humans in 2019. Studies aimed at Pangolin as a possible bridge between bats and humans have been pointed out, but this has not been proven.
SARS
SARS-CoV (SARS), a coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, was first reported in China in February 2003, probably from bats, presumably spread to other animals (probably civet cats), and subsequently Spread to humans.
The disease then spread to more than 24 countries in North America, South America, Europe and Asia before it was contained. Over 8,000 cases have been reported and nearly 800 people have died of the disease. No cases have been reported since 2004.
MERS
The coronavirus that causes the Middle East respiratory syndrome, or MERS, was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and has a higher mortality rate than SARS.
MERS-CoV can occur zoonotically from contact between humans and camels, but there is a secondary cycle of transmission due to close contact from the sick person to others.
To date, there have been approximately 2,500 laboratory confirmed cases, most of them human-to-human transmission, with more than one-third found to be fatal. Sporadic cases continue to occur as dromedary camels remain infected.
Covid-19 has been proven to be the most deadly and highly contagious animal disease that kills 850,000 people and infects over 25 million people worldwide.
However, other deadly examples include Ebola of monkey origin, MERS in camels, mosquito-borne West Nile virus, and rabies, predominantly found in dogs. Two million people die each year (mainly in poor countries) from zoonotic diseases.
That’s after the July UN report warned that the number of such outbreaks would continue to increase unless conservation efforts were made to protect wildlife.
“Animal diseases” are diseases that are transmitted to humans from vertebrates such as mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish.
Professor Delia Randolph, veterinary epidemiologist and lead author of the United Nations report, has been a “very clear trend” since the 1930s, and has shown that 75% of emerging human diseases are due to wildlife.
Destruction of animal habitats results in closer contact between animals and humans, increasing the risk of disease transmission.
Climate change can contribute to this by making extreme weather events such as floods more common and driving livestock out of the home.
In Madagascar, for example, glandular plague is becoming more common as the earth heats up as rodents escape from wildfires.
According to UNEP, human activity often destroys the natural barriers that protect humans from disease pathogens.
The main route of transmission between the environment and humans is the hunting and feeding of wild exotic animals.
In the illegal wildlife trade, you can see a variety of live animals, including bats, coming in close proximity to the people on the market.
Snakes, beavers, porcupines, and baby crocodile were one of the species sold at the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, which was originally thought to be the epicenter of the Covid crisis.
But after the international scientists investigating the causes of the outbreak did not find evidence of the disease in the malicious market, the jury is still out on whether the disease actually originated from it.
There is currently increasing speculation that the virus may have been accidentally leaked from the Wuhan Biochemistry Institute.
The theory was partly fueled by US President Donald Trump, who said he was handed evidence from US intelligence agencies to show that this was the case.
Gilbert announced this week that data on her team’s Covid-19 vaccine, called AZD1222, will be released to regulators soon.
The Oxford Project is awaiting the results of the Phase 3 trial of the vaccine, and the team hopes it will be available by the end of the year if it proves to have a high level of efficacy.
Oxford’s pharmaceutical partner AstraZeneca in this project has promised to produce 2 billion doses by next summer.
The vaccine has been piloted in tens of thousands of volunteers in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Brazil and the United States.
Other vaccines in development around the world are in the same stage, and Professor Gilbert said there were “very good opportunities” to prove some were effective.
“We have confirmed that the levels of neutralizing antibodies are good. Some antibodies show a strong T cell response. If this works, other vaccines work. With multiple vaccines I expect,” she told the newspaper.
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