New technology improves detection of biomarkers such as CF

New strategies for detecting very low concentrations of specific molecules can improve diagnosis and management of a variety of diseases including: Cystic fibrosis (CF).

The method was described in the journal Natural communication By a team from Leeds University, UK,Rational design of DNA nanostructures for single molecule biosensing.. “

Measuring the molecular weight of blood and other body tissues can provide important health-related information. C-reactive protein (CRP) Blood is associated with inflammation. CRP measurements are important for the management of many conditions including CF.

Special techniques need to be used to measure the level of a particular molecule. For example, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a common method of densitometry that uses antibodies to detect molecular targets.

However, there are inherent limitations on how sensitive these technologies can detect targets. An ELISA for detecting CRP requires a specific minimum amount of protein only to produce a detectable signal.

Developing technologies that can make these measurements more accurately is an ongoing effort in biomedical research. The “ideal” technique would theoretically be able to detect a single molecule in a sample.

“The ability to detect biomarkers at single-entity resolution, rather than the ensemble averaging method, offers significant advantages in detecting very small biomarker concentrations,” the researchers write.

Therefore, the Leeds team has developed a new method based on two concepts: nanopore and DNA origami.

Nanopore See a very small hole. Specific adaptations can be designed so that the nanopore is a sensor for a specific set of molecules.

As its name implies, DNA origami involves taking a chain of DNA and “folding” it into a particular structure. These structures can be tailored to have a central cavity that binds only to specific molecular targets.

In this study, researchers basically used DNA origami to create nanopores that could only be “filled” by a single, specific molecule.

“Captured biomarkers [target molecules] It can then be read by the nanopore and process one molecule at a time,” said Mukhil Raveendran, the first author of the study. Press release.. “By combining DNA origami and nanopores, we can detect disease biomarkers quantitatively with single molecule sensitivity.”

As a proof of concept, researchers have developed an assay that measures CRP based on these principles. They showed that this assay can detect CRP concentrations in serum as low as 9 nanomolar.

Importantly, the assay did not detect MupB, A protein about the same size as CRP, suggesting that this assay is specific for CRP identification.

“One of the main benefits [of the technique] It’s the minimal sample we need,” said Raveendran. “We can separate individual molecules from a small sample to identify a particular disease. The process is very quick and results only take a few minutes.”

Researchers are currently applying this technology COVID-19 (new coronavirus infectious disease) (# If there is no character limit, add parentheses when first appearing..

“Sensitive detection of biomarkers is important for diagnosis and disease management,” said Dr. Paolo Actis, Professor of Leeds and lead author of the study. “We have already demonstrated the detection of an inflammatory marker called C-reactive protein in diluted serum, which is important for the management of many diseases, including cystic fibrosis.”

Science writer Marisa holds a master’s degree in cellular and molecular pathology from the University of Pittsburgh to study new genetic factors in ovarian cancer. She specializes in cancer biology, immunology and genetics. Marisa started a partnership with BioNews in 2018, writing about science and health at SelfHacked and the American Genetics Society. She also composes/composes musicals and teaches the Fencing Club at the University of Pittsburgh.

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Patrícia holds a PhD in Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases from the Leiden University Medical Center in Leiden, The Netherlands. She studied applied biology at the University of Minho and was a postdoctoral fellow at the Instituto de Medicina Molecular in Lisbon, Portugal. Her research focuses on the molecular genetic traits of infectious agents such as viruses and parasites.

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