Health
Antibodies found in alpaca may help prevent human infection with coronavirus, scientists say
Alpaca may play an important role in the fight against Covid-19-scientists say that antibody fragments from animals may help prevent coronavirus infections in humans.
Researchers say that a small protein made by their immune system has the ability to block Sars-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19, from entering human cells.
Studies by the Rosalind Franklin Institute and the University of Oxford have also shown that llama-derived antibodies can counter Covid-19 infections.
Camels, such as llamas, camels, and alpacas, can naturally produce smaller antibodies with a simpler structure called Nanobodies, which help fight viral infections.
Researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden say that camelid nanobodies can be designed to function in humans.
Nanobodies are about one-tenth the size of regular antibodies, and they believe they are superior to conventional antibodies in developing coronavirus therapy because they are cheaper and easier to mass-produce.
The team believes their study, published in the journal Nature Communications, could pave the way for developing antiviral treatments against Covid-19.
“It’s not possible to do this,” said Gerald McKinney, Associate Professor of Virology at the Karolinska Institute.
Coronavirus particles have a spike-like protein, the corona (crown), that allows the virus to attach and enter human cells.
What researchers have discovered
Professor McInerney and his colleagues injected Sarps-CoV-2 spike proteins into alpaca.
A blood sample taken from alpaca 60 days later showed a strong immune response to spike proteins.
Using known cryo-electron microscopy, researchers were able to identify a particular Nanobody called Ty1 that could neutralize the virus.
Researchers have discovered that Ty1 attaches to a portion of the spike protein (called ACE2) that coronavirus uses to bind to receptors on human cells.
This prevents the virus from entering the cell and prevents infection.
Ben Marrell, research professor and associate professor at the Karolinska Institute, said:
The team is currently investigating the role of Ty1 in preventing Covid-19 infection and conducting animal studies to better understand its therapeutic potential.
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