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Nanobodies May Prevent Verified COVID-19 Infection: Research | India News
LONDON: To combat Covid-19, scientists have identified a small neutralizing antibody, the so-called Nanobody, that has the ability to block SARS-CoV-2 from entering human cells.
This study, published in the journal Nature Communications, suggests that this Nanobody may be developed as an antiviral therapy against Covid-19.
“We hope our findings can help improve the Covid-19 pandemic by encouraging further testing of this Nanobody as a therapeutic candidate for this viral infection,” Gerald, a co-author of the Karolinska Institute in Sweden.ć»McKinney said.
A search for effective Nanobodies, fragments of naturally occurring and human-adapted antibodies in camelids, began in February when alpaca (animals) were infused with the new coronavirus spike protein. cell.
After 60 days, alpaca blood samples showed a strong immune response to spike proteins.
Next, the researchers cloned, enriched, and analyzed Nanobody sequences from B cells of an alpaca, a type of white blood cell, to determine which Nanobody was best suited for further evaluation.
They named Ty1 (named after Alpacatison), which efficiently neutralizes the virus by attaching to a portion of a spike protein that binds to the receptor ACE2 that SARS-CoV-2 uses to infect cells. Was identified.
This prevents the virus from entering the cell and prevents infection.
“Using cryo-electron microscopy, we can see how Nanobodies bind to viral spikes at an epitope that overlaps with the cell receptor ACE2 binding site, providing a structural understanding of potent neutralizing activity. Researcher Leo Hanke said. ..
According to researchers, Nanobodies offer several advantages over traditional antibodies as candidates for specific treatments.
They are less than one-tenth the size of traditional antibodies and are usually easy to manufacture in large scale and cost-effective ways.
Critically, they are capable of adapting to humans with current protocols and have a proven record of controlling viral respiratory infections.
“Our results show that Ty1 binds strongly to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and can neutralize the virus without detectable off-target activity,” the study authors write.
“We are currently undertaking preclinical animal studies to investigate the neutralizing activity of Ty1 in vivo and therapeutic potential,” they said.
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