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When infected with a virus, the killer fungus becomes a friend

 


The puppets didn’t stop there. The virus-infected Sclerotinia encouraged plants to germinate heavier leaves and stronger roots. The raised rapeseed plants were also resistant to virus-free Sclerotinia strains and other harmful fungi. This suggests that the virus-infected fungus acted as a crude “vaccine” against future diseases.

What is behind this bonus protection effect is not yet completely clear, said Maria Revoleda Gomez, a microbial ecologist at Yale University who was not involved in the study. “Maybe it’s inside the cell and can defeat other fungi that are trying to invade, or it’s just preparing the plant’s defenses,” she said.

After being tamed by the virus, the fungus did not grow very enthusiastically in rapeseed. This is probably because the newly fortified plants were able to keep guests in check. He added that this obedient fungus could be a great preventative treatment for fragile plants.

That’s what his team has already tried. Young plants sprayed with small pieces of virus-infected sclerotinia matured with field-domesticated fungi and became healthier than untreated plants.

Under natural conditions, fungal-eating flies can drive the virus from place to place. Dr. Jiang’s vision for crop protection is theoretically more direct: sedative viruses spike preloaded fungi on plants. It would give farmers a quick way to strengthen their field against future illnesses, rather than being forced to scramble to contain the outbreak, he said.

Adriana Romero Olivares, a fungal expert at New Mexico State University who was not involved in the study, said: “This type of approach could be more sustainable unless the fungus regains the way to voluntarily dump the virus and destroy the plant,” she said.

Dr. Romero Olivares prompts an interesting question about how the two microbes co-evolve when the virus-fungal relationship is as persistent as it looks. Many fungi can play well with plants. Some manage it after past crop killing crimes. The impetus for that transition remains a mystery, but at least in some cases it could be due to a virus. Or, depending on your point of view, we may be grateful.

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