Health
Warning about a new strain of scarlet fever with a surge in cases
Scientists have warned that new bugs are causing a surge in scarlet fever in children around the world.
The resurgence of the disease, which has caused high mortality for centuries, has been likened to the Covid-19 pandemic.
The number of overthrows in the UK has increased seven-fold in six years. Like the coronavirus, vaccines will be needed soon.
New studies show that it is caused by supercharged “clones” of the disease-causing bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes.
Dr. Stephan Brouwer, the lead author of the University of Queensland, said he surprised health authorities around the world.
An epidemic of infectious diseases characterized by a bright red rash and sore throat swept Asia in 2011.
Dr. Brewer said: “By the 1940s, the disease had almost disappeared.
“Like the virus that causes Covid-19, Streptococcus pyogenes is usually spread by people who cough or sneeze.
“Symptoms include sore throat, fever, headache, swollen neck glands, and a characteristic scarlet red rash.
“Scarlet fever generally affects children and is usually between the ages of 2 and 10.
“Since 2011, the global spread of the pandemic has been revealed in a report of a second outbreak in the United Kingdom that began in 2014.
“This global reappearance of scarlet fever has caused more than a five-fold increase in morbidity and more than 600,000 cases worldwide.”
His international team discovered a variety of Streptococcus pyogenes that acquired a bacterial toxin called a “superantigen” and formed new clones.
Professor Mark Walker, also from Queensland, said: “If you were infected with a virus that carries the toxin gene, the toxin would have been transferred to the bacterium.
“We have shown that these acquired toxins make it easier for Streptococcus pyogenes to colonize the host and may be able to overcome other strains.
“The clones of these supercharged bacteria are causing the outbreak of modern scarlet fever.”
When researchers removed the toxin gene from the clones, they were unable to cause scarlet fever in experiments with mice.
Outbreaks are now under control-mainly due to public health policy measures introduced to control Covid-19.
Professor Walker said: “This year’s social distance has so far suppressed Scarlet fever.
“And children, who are the main target of the disease, go to school less often and spend much less time in other large groups.
“But when social distance is finally eased, scarlet fever can recur.
“We need to continue this study to improve our diagnosis and better manage these epidemics.”
“Like Covid 19, vaccines will ultimately be important for eradicating scarlet fever. This is one of the most prevalent and deadly childhood diseases in history.”
Since 2014, 15,000 to 30,000 cases have been diagnosed each year in the UK, compared to 4,366 cases in 2013.
In Victorian England, it was one of the leading causes of child death. In modern times, it can be treated with antibiotics.
Infected people often make a white coating on their tongue, which peels off after a few days.
Highly contagious pain is spread by close contact with people who already have the bacteria. It may take up to 5 days for symptoms to appear.
Last year, the British Medical Journal said the UK’s scarlet fever rate reached its highest point in 50 years.
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