Health
UQ scientists behind scarlet fever research
In the coronavirus pandemic, global health officials are at stake about the resurgence of the scarlet fever killer virus, which was thought to have been eradicated in the 1940s.
Public health measures introduced to combat the coronavirus, such as social distance and school closures, have significantly suspended their surge after the 2011 epidemic in Asian countries. Then there was a second outbreak in the UK in 2014. And an isolated outbreak in Australia.
According to experts, at least 600,000 cases worldwide are associated with recent outbreaks.
A team of international researchers led by the University of Queensland Streptococcus pyogenes Bacteria are due to the resurgence of diseases that have had high mortality rates for centuries.
Dr. Stephan Brouwer of UQ said the disease, which commonly affects children aged 2 to 10 years, almost disappeared in the 1940s.
“The global reappearance of scarlet fever has caused more than a five-fold increase in morbidity and more than 600,000 cases worldwide,” said Dr. Brouwer.
The coronavirus has had a positive effect on limiting the spread of scarlet fever as public health policy measures minimize infection.
“Children, the main target of the disease, are less likely to attend school and spend much less time in other large groups, but when social distance is ultimately eased. , Scarlet fever may recur, “Dr. Brouwer said.
“Like the virus that causes COVID-19, Streptococcus pyogenes The bacterium is usually spread by people who cough or sneeze and has symptoms such as sore throat, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and a characteristic scarlet red rash. “
Co-author Professor Mark Walker and his team discovered a variety of bacteria that acquired the “superantigen” toxin and formed new clones that are causing modern outbreaks.
“When infected with a virus that carries the toxin gene, the toxin would have been transferred to the bacterium,” Walker said.
“We have shown that these acquired toxins are possible. Streptococcus pyogenes To better colonize its host, it will probably allow it to defeat other strains. “
The researchers removed the toxin gene from scarlet-causing clones and found that modified “knockout” clones were “less capable of colonizing animal models of infection,” Walker said.
“Like COVID-19, the vaccine will ultimately be important for eradicating scarlet fever, which is one of the most prevalent and deadly childhood diseases in history,” he said. ..
“We need to continue this study to improve our diagnosis and better manage these epidemics.”
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