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Nasal spray COVID-19 vaccine shows promising results in mice

 


The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is widespread around the world. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the disease to infect more than 37.69 million people worldwide.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus first appeared in China in December 2019, but even 10 months later, there is no vaccine to prevent the infection. Of the more than 200 vaccine candidates, 42 have undergone clinical evaluation, 10 of which are in the final stages of the trial.

Promising vaccines have new candidates that have shown a strong preclinical immune response.Vaccine developed by scientists University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)Induced a strong T cell response in the mucous layer of the lung, including killer CD8 + T cells that can recognize and kill virus-infected cells.

Colored scanning electron micrographs of cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus particles (yellow) (purple) isolated from patient samples. Image taken at the NIAID Integrated Research Facility (IRF) in Fort Detrick, Maryland. Credit: NIAID

Colored scanning electron micrographs of cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus particles (yellow) (purple) isolated from patient samples. Image taken at the NIAID Integrated Research Facility (IRF) in Fort Detrick, Maryland. Credit: NIAID

vaccine

Developed by Autoimmune Inc.. , A vaccine called AdCOVID is given by a single intranasal spray.A biopharmacy company that published preclinical test results on an open source preprint server bioRxiv*,highlight Effectiveness of The intranasal COVID-19 vaccine candidate.

The company worked with UAB scientists to extend the previous preclinical data presented in the AdCOVID program.

AdCOVID is based on the company’s adenovirus-based intranasal vaccine platform and expresses the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD). Spike protein.. RBD is essential for virus invasion and infection Neutralizing antibody People who have recovered from COVID-19 emphasize the importance of RBD in infecting and stopping RBD.

In addition, this vaccine offers many advantages over other COVID-19 vaccines under development. First, it is administered intranasally, it is a single dose, has the ability to conveniently ship and store the vaccine, and allows widespread activation of the immune response.

the study

Scientists have conducted extensive preclinical studies at UAB. Partial results of preclinical studies were published in July and August. The current study highlights enhanced results showing strong activation of both arms of the adaptive immune system after a single intranasal dose of AdCOVID 19 tested in two strains of mice.

The results of the experiment showed that the vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody in plasma can inactivate SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. In addition, it stimulated T cells in the immune system, strengthened them to attack virus-infected cells, and elicited a mucosal antibody-T cell response in the respiratory tract, the system most affected by virus infection. The latter findings indicate that vaccines can provide a barrier to infection and infection at points of entry of the virus, including mouth and nose.

“In some studies evaluating other COVID-19 vaccine candidates, the intranasal pathway stimulates and kills the local mucosal immune response in addition to systemic neutralizing antibody and T cell responses, as opposed to the intramuscular pathway. It has been shown to have achieved immunity, “explained the researchers. Investigation.

The team also explained that intranasal administration of the vaccine has many benefits, including providing effective protection against respiratory pathogens, and circumvents existing immunity to the vector. Another advantage of intranasal vaccines is that they are easy to administer and are non-invasive compared to other candidate vaccines given by injection.

“AdCOVID elicited systemic and mucosal immune responses within days of single-dose immunization,” the researchers said.

They added that there are two main benefits to using AdCOVID. It is non-invasive and provides the ability to block SARS-CoV-2 infection in the upper and lower respiratory tracts and prevent infection at the site of viral invasion. It also helps reduce the risk of viral infections in vaccinated people.

“The collaboration with UAB is very productive, and AdCOVID preclinical data continue to show promising differentiation from other COVID-19 vaccine candidates,” said Ultimate, Inc. Said Scot Roberts, Chief Scientific Officer of.

“Intranasal vaccination is an attractive strategy to prevent COVID-19 infection, as the nasal cavity forms the first line of defense against the SARS-CoV-2 virus before it invades the lungs. By stimulating mucosal antibodies and T-cell immunity, along with Japanese antibody titers, both arms of the immune system can work together to prevent and control infection, “she added.

*Important Notices

bioRxiv Publish preliminary scientific reports that should not be considered definitive as they are not peer-reviewed, guide clinical practice / health-related behaviors, and should not be treated as established information.

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