Health
Reduced coronavirus deaths in countries where tuberculosis vaccine is required
Photographer: scyther5 / iStockphoto
Photographer: scyther5 / iStockphoto
According to new research, countries that require vaccination against TB have fewer deaths from coronavirus than non-vaccinated countries.
Preliminary investigation Post to medRxivUnpublished medical research site shows a correlation between countries that need citizens to obtain the Calmette-Guerin vaccine and countries with low cases and deaths identified by Covid-19 . Only correlations, but clinicians in at least six countries Run a trial This includes giving BCG vaccines to frontline healthcare workers and the elderly to see if they can indeed provide some protection against the new coronavirus.
Gonzalo Otaz, assistant professor at the New York Institute of Technology and lead author of the study, noticed the small number of cases in Japan and began working on the analysis. The country has reported some of the earliest confirmed cases of coronavirus outside of China and did not take the blockade measures that many other countries have done.
Otazu said he was aware of studies showing that the BCG vaccine provides protection not only against M. tuberculosis but also against other types of infectious diseases. To that end, his team has compiled data on which countries have a universal BCG vaccine policy and when it was introduced. Next, a strong correlation was found by comparing the number of cases identified with Covid-19 to the number of deaths.
In high-income countries with high numbers of Covid-19 cases, the United States and Italy recommend BCG vaccine, but only for those who may be at risk. Several years to several decades ago. Otazu said China, where the pandemic began, has a BCG vaccine policy, but until 1976 it was not very well-protected. Countries, including Japan and Korea, that have successfully controlled the disease have a universal BCG vaccine policy. Data from cases identified in low-income countries were not considered reliable enough to make strong judgments.
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A world with nearly 900,000 cases and 45,000 deaths, Struggling to control COVID19. Disease vaccine One year or more ahead It is not available and the efficacy of the drug under study is not known in the coming months. Eleanor Fish, a professor of immunology at the University of Toronto, says it’s a good reason to consider whether BCG vaccines can provide protection against Covid-19. Otazu’s work has not been reviewed by peers, which are rigorous standards for scientific research.
“I read the results of the study incredibly carefully,” Fish said.
Odazu, who stated that he has already received comments from other experts, is working on a second edition of his study that addresses some of their concerns. He also submitted this study for a formal review process by the journal Frontiers in Public Health.
Mihai Netea, an infectious disease expert at the Radboud University Medical Center in the Netherlands, was the first to test the effectiveness of the BCG vaccine against coronavirus. The Netea team has already enrolled 400 healthcare workers in the trial, with 200 vaccinating the BCG vaccine and 200 receiving placebo. He does not expect results for at least two months. He is also starting another trial to study the effectiveness of the BCG vaccine in patients over 60. Other tests are taking place in Australia, Denmark, Germany, United Kingdom and the United States.
Scientists continue to work to better understand why the BCG vaccine is effective not only against tuberculosis but also against other diseased organisms. Netea’s decade-long research has shown that whenever the BCG vaccine attacks a pathogen that relies on the same attack strategy as M. tuberculosis, the immune system is ready to respond in a better way than their immune system. Shows that people who have not received the vaccine.
“The BCG vaccine is like creating a bookmark that the immune system uses later in life,” Netea said.
Even if a BCG vaccine has been shown to be effective, it is not a reason for stockpiling.
“People should not store or try to get the BCG vaccine like toilet paper,” Otazu said. BCG vaccines are unlikely to increase the risk of coronavirus, but scientists do not know until the end of clinical trials.
In any case, the BCG vaccine must not be the only tool to fight Covid-19.
“No country in the world was able to control this disease just because the population was protected by the BCG,” Otazu said. In order to manage the spread of the disease, it is necessary to keep social distance, examine, and isolate cases.
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