Health
Two studies show new avenues for antiviral therapy for COVID-19
Both studies have found that inhibitors can be used to reduce the ability of the virus to infect human cells via neuropilin-1, so this understanding of spike proteins may lead to potential antiviral treatment. there is.
Compared to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), which occurred much less frequently in 2003, SARS-CoV-2 spreads more rapidly through active pharyngeal viral shedding. However, for both viruses, the same cell receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), mediates the uptake of both viruses.
Researchers have found that a potential reason for the enhanced diffusion capacity of SARS-CoV-2 may be the presence of cleavage sites unique to spike proteins, which allow human cell surface receptor binding sites. Explained that may be added.
Specifically, researchers have discovered small sequences of amino acids that appear to mimic the protein sequences found in human proteins that interact with neuropilin-1. Thus, they proposed a link between the spike protein and neuropilin-1 as an aid to viral infection in SARS-CoV-2. This could later be confirmed by various structural and biochemical approaches.
In addition, researchers have found that eliminating neuropilin-1 in human cells using monoclonal antibody testing can reduce the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect cells in culture. did.
Following these results, another study found that neuropilin-1 promotes cell invasion and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, based on the results of a series of autopsies from 6 patients with COVID-19. That was also observed. Upon autopsy, researchers found that five of the six patients had viral epithelium infection and high expression of neuropilin-1.
Researchers noted that many previous studies on this subject investigated the role of ACE2, but the expression pattern of ACE2 did not match the tissue orientation of SARS-CoV-2. Because of this problem, researchers explained that they believe that cofactors are needed to promote virus-host cell interactions in cells with low ACE2 expression. This may indicate neuropilin-1 as an ACE2 enhancer.
reference
Two studies point to an unrecognized path to antiviral therapy for COVID-19. American Association for the Advancement of Science; October 20, 2020. eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-10 /aaft-tsp102020.php. Accessed on October 27, 2020.
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