Health
Indian-American Scientists Identify Covid-19 Treatment Potential: Tribune India
November 21, New Delhi
A team of immunologists from India in the United States have discovered potential strategies to prevent life-threatening inflammation, lung damage, and organ failure in Covid-19 patients.
Scientists led by Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti, Vice-Chair of Immunology at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, discovered that the Covid-19-related inflammatory immune response leads to tissue damage and multiple organ failure. , Identified the drug. In mice by inducing the inflammatory cell death pathway. In a paper published in the journal Cell, researchers elaborated on how inflammatory cell death signaling pathways worked and led to treatments that could disrupt the process.
“Understanding the pathways and mechanisms that cause this inflammation is important for developing effective treatment strategies,” said Kaneganti, who was born in Telangana and holds a bachelor’s degree from Kakatiya University in Warangal.
“This study provides that understanding of certain cytokines that activate the inflammatory cell death pathway and have considerable potential for the treatment of Covid-19 and other highly deadly diseases, including sepsis. I’ve identified it, “she said.
She worked with Besh Raj Sharma, Rajendra Karki and others in her lab to help researchers better understand the pathways and mechanisms that cause Covid-19 inflammation so that they can develop effective treatment strategies. I cooperated.
Infections are characterized by elevated blood levels of multiple cytokines. These small proteins are primarily secreted by immune cells and ensure a rapid response to limit the virus. Some cytokines also cause inflammation.
Kanneganti’s team focused on a selected set of the most elevated cytokines in Covid-19 patients. Scientists have shown that a single cytokine did not induce cell death in innate immune cells.
Next, St. Jude researchers tried 28 cytokine combinations and worked together to find one duo that induced a form of inflammatory cell death previously described by Kanneganti as PANoptosis.
Researchers have shown that blocking individual cell death pathways is ineffective in stopping cell death caused by TNF-α and IFN-γ. Since TNF-α and IFN-γ are produced between Covid-19 and cause inflammatory cell death, researchers are wondering if these cytokines are responsible for the clinical manifestations and fatal effects of the disease. I questioned.
They found that the combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ caused tissue damage and inflammation, reflecting Covid-19 symptoms and rapid death. Neutralizing antibodies to TNF-α and IFN-γ are currently used in the clinic to treat inflammatory diseases.
“The findings correlate TNF-α and IFN-γ-induced inflammatory cell death with Covid-19,” said Kanneganti, who received her MSc. He holds a PhD from Osmania University, India. “The results also show that treatments targeting this combination of cytokines are not only for Covid-19, but also for the treatment of several other often fatal disorders associated with cytokine storms in rapid clinical trials. It suggests that it is a candidate. “
“I was excited to connect these points to understand how TNF-α and IFN-γ cause PANoptosis,” added co-lead author Karki. “Certainly, understanding how PANoptosis contributes to disease and mortality is important for identifying treatments,” Sharma said. IANS
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