Blood tests for immune response may be key to future COVID-19 vaccine development: Shot

The news of a good immune response in animals is a good precursor to testing future COVID-19 vaccines.

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The news of a good immune response in animals is a good precursor to testing future COVID-19 vaccines.

CMB / Getty Images

Today’s news from Harvard’s Center for Virology and Vaccine Research is new and potentially without the problems faced by future COVID-19 manufacturers: very large and costly research. It can help solve a way to make sure that a good vaccine actually works.

As written in the journal Nature, researchers show that certain classes of antibodies in monkey blood predicted protection from COVID-19. If that also applies to humans, a relatively simple blood test may tell you if the vaccine is working.

Here’s the dilemma: Once a vaccine is approved, it’s unethical to test it against a placebo. To approve a new vaccine, instead of having a vaccine and a placebo, researchers need to compare the two vaccines to each other. This requires far more than 30,000 in the first exam.

Most researchers agree that finding the key to solving this problem is Something known as an immune correlation.

“Immune correlations are very important because they give us insight into how vaccines work,” he says. And H. Barouch, MD, Ph.D. , Senior Researcher, Harvard Vaccine Center.

If we can measure something that indicates whether a vaccine in people’s blood works, we can focus on whether the vaccine is safe. Researchers already know that it could probably be effective.

“Therefore, in future trials of 19 vaccines, it is much more convenient to have an established defense correlation,” says Barouch.

This approach has already been used for annual influenza vaccine approval. “There is a new flu vaccine that is licensed each year,” he says, because of the genetic alterations in the flu virus.

“It is not possible to conduct large-scale clinical efficacy trials of influenza vaccine candidates each year,” Barouch said, so regulators rely on protection correlations.

The coronavirus vaccine defense correlation was a neutralizing antibody discovered by Barouch and his colleagues. These are antibodies that can prevent the virus from infecting cells. It is possible to test the presence of these antibodies in people’s blood.

It has long been thought that neutralizing antibodies are needed for vaccines to be effective, but no one knows if neutralizing antibodies alone are sufficient.

The· New research What was done in rhesus monkeys suggests that they are.

Researchers took blood from monkeys infected with the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 and then recovered. The blood contained neutralizing antibodies against the coronavirus that helped the monkeys fight the infection.

“We are isolated [those antibodies], We purify them and then transfer them alone to naive animals, “says Bharuch. Naive animals are animals that have never been ill.

The monkeys were then exposed to the coronavirus. Most showed no signs of infection, and none of those who received more antibodies showed signs of infection.

If the vaccine can induce someone’s immune system to make those antibodies, it may be enough to believe that the vaccine works. Some scientists argue that the vaccine must provoke another type of immune response known as cell-mediated immunity. This study suggests that this may not be the case.

There are some caveats. The study was conducted on a small number of monkeys. It is also possible that human neutralizing antibodies, like monkey neutralizing antibodies, do not work.

Nevertheless, Bharuch is bullish on the implications of this study. “This is good news for vaccines, as this level of neutralizing antibody should be easily achieved by a variety of vaccine candidates,” Barouch said.

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