Health
UCSD researchers discover clues to the fight against neurodegenerative diseases
San Diego (CNS) – A team of researchers led by scientists at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and the University of California, San Diego Health’s Shiry Eye Institute can unleash clues to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases ranging from glaucoma to Alzheimer’s disease. We announced the results of a sexual survey on Monday.
By inhibiting certain enzyme families, the team found that it could develop new therapies to treat diseases characterized by axonal damage. It is an elongated process that conducts electrical impulses from one nerve cell to another, facilitating cell communication. .. Axon damage often leads to neurological dysfunction and cell death.
Inhibition of an enzyme called dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) appears to strongly protect neurons in various models of neurodegenerative diseases, but DLK also inhibits axonal regeneration, according to researchers. Until now, there has been no effective way to modify genes to improve long-term survival of neurons and promote regeneration.
A multi-university team led by UCSD researchers has identified another family of enzymes called germ cell kinase 4 kinases. Inhibition of this kinase is “strong neuroprotection” and can also regenerate axons, making it an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of some neurodegenerative diseases.
“We basically understood that there is a set of genes that allow optic nerve cells to survive and regenerate when suppressed,” said Dr. DerekWelsbie, an associate professor of ophthalmology at the Shiley Eye Institute. I am.
“Before this task, Field knew how to survive these cells, but did not regenerate. Conversely, there were ways to promote regeneration, but subsequent survival was fairly modest. Of course, a successful vision recovery strategy requires both, and this is a step in that direction, “Wellsby said.
The researchers, whose findings were published in the scientific journal PNAS, first created retinal ganglion cells from human stem cells and then performed a series of screenings. Cells are a type of neuron near the inner surface of the retina of the eye. They receive visual information from photoreceptors and help collectively transmit that information to the brain.
The first screening tested a group of chemicals to assess their ability to increase stem cell viability. Second to measure the ability of chemicals to promote regeneration.
“Next, we used machine learning techniques to understand why certain compounds were active but others weren’t, and identified these important genes,” Wellsby said. ..
The discovery that these genes improved cell survival was not surprising, he said. What surprised me was the gene that promotes regeneration.
Welsbie et al. Focused their research on retinal ganglion cells because of their interest in vision disorders such as glaucoma.
“Most people only think about glaucoma in terms of’intraocular pressure’,” Wellsby said.
However, intraocular pressure is only part of the problem. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons, causing structural and functional damage to the optic nerve, visual impairment, and blindness.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 3 million Americans have glaucoma. This is the second most common cause of blindness in the world.
Welsby warned that it was not yet known if the findings would extend to other neuron types, but said the study suggests potential therapeutic potential.
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