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New variant of SARS-CoV-2: FAQ

 


Scientists are analyzing new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to understand whether it can affect changes in infection, disease severity, and vaccine effectiveness.

What is the difference between this variant?

This variant has a series of mutations, including the N501Y mutation, in the receptor binding motif of the peplomer that the virus uses to bind to the human ACE2 receptor.

On Monday, the government’s chief medical adviser, Professor Chris Whitti, said, “This is why we take it particularly seriously because it has significantly more mutations than some other variants. “.

How was it identified?

The strain was identified by UK public health service oversight following a surge in cases seen in Kent and London.

The variant was named VUI-202012 / 01 and was identified in December 2020 as the first variant under investigation.

How popular is it?

In a statement to the Commons on Monday, England’s Minister of Health Matt Hancock said, “The first analysis suggests that this variant is growing faster than existing variants.”

He said cases have been detected in nearly 60 different municipalities and “the numbers are growing rapidly.”

As of December 13, 1108 cases of this subspecies have been identified, primarily in southern and eastern England.

Is it more contagious?

Changes in some of the spike proteins can increase the infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and make it more susceptible to transmission among people.

Many cases of variant virus have been observed in some areas where the incidence of COVID-19 is also high.

However, it is still premature to say whether variants are responsible for these increased numbers of cases.

“We still don’t know if the virus will affect the ease with which the virus spreads from person to person,” said Stephen Griffin, an associate professor at the University of Leeds School of Medicine.

Is it more dangerous?

“There is nothing to suggest that this variant is likely to cause serious illness,” Hancock told MP on Monday.

In a statement, the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium agreed that “currently there is no evidence that this mutant or other mutants studied so far affect the severity of the disease.”

Dr. Susan Hopkins, co-medical advisor to Test and Trace and PHE, said:

Dr. Andrew Davidson, a reader of virology at the University of Bristol, warned that “a virus that spreads more easily would hinder control efforts.”

Are you resistant to the vaccine?

“The latest clinical advice is that it’s very unlikely that this mutation will not respond to the vaccine,” Matt Hancock told MP.

He said this would become clearer once the analysis at the Porton Down Institute for British Public Health Services was completed.

Professor Julian Hiscox, chair of Infectious Diseases and Global Health at the University of Liverpool, agreed with the analysis. However, he was more cautious about the long-term effects, “At this time, there is no evidence that this mutant will respond to the vaccine.

“This shows that the vaccine platform needs to be agile and flexible. [it] Probably looks like this Seasonal flu A virus that must be vaccinated with multiple vaccines that change over time. “

Dr. Zania Stamataki, a viral immunologist at the University of Birmingham, said: influenza And while we need to keep it under surveillance, updating new vaccines when needed in the future is not a big task.

“This year, we have made great strides in building the infrastructure to catch up with this coronavirus.”

Was this new variant unexpected?

It is not uncommon for viruses to mutate. Seasonal influenza mutates every year. Subspecies of SARS-CoV-2 have also been observed in other countries such as Spain.

Professor Tom Solomon, director of the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases at the University of Liverpool, said: “SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, runs all similar viruses. Such changes are fully anticipated.”

Dr. Jeremy Farah, director of Wellcome Trust, said the latest developments showed that there were still surprises from SARS-CoV-2. “We must remain humble and be prepared to adapt and respond to new ongoing challenges as we move into 2021”, he said.

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