Health
Fewer protective COVID-19 antibodies passed from mother to foetation: study
Toronto-A new study shows that pregnant mothers have antibodies that infect their infants through the placenta when infected with COVID-19, compared to the immune levels that infect their infants when infected with a similar virus. I found that there were few.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) examined the immune response of 22 and 34 mothers who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 (a virus that causes COVID-19) in late pregnancy. People of the same age who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 were also enrolled at the same time.
They found that mothers with influenza and whooping cough (whooping cough) “efficiently” transferred antibodies that protect them from these viruses to their babies, but that was a different story for COVID-19.
“In contrast, a significant reduction in SARS-CoV-2 specific infections was observed. [antibodies] Over the specificity of multiple SARS-CoV-2 [influenza], “Research, Published in Journal Cell this month, Said.
In a previous study, the team found that it was very rare for pregnant women who were positive for COVID-19 to infect their babies with the virus itself, but this new study found that after the mother came into contact with COVID-19. It suggests that newborns born will not be infected. There are already quite a few antibodies that protect against viruses.
why is this? Researchers believe that carbohydrates are involved in a process called glycosylation that attaches to proteins and other organic molecules to change their structure.
“Carbohydrate attachment of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in maternal blood was different from that seen with influenza and whooping cough specific antibodies.” Description of the press release. “This carbohydrate pattern allows COVID-specific antibodies to” stack “in the maternal circulation rather than crossing the placenta through placental antibody receptors. “
Some antibodies could infect babies either because of high levels of antibodies in the mother’s body or because of the high number of receptors that attract SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Antibodies that passed through it tended to be very strong, according to researchers.
Due to the relatively low number of antibodies transferred, researchers believe that newborns are at particular high risk for severe cases of COVID-19 because they lack the level of maternal transfer immunity they normally receive against other viruses. I have.
Pregnant people often get the vaccine last just because the safety procedures around them are strengthened. Researchers believe that these findings have implications for how vaccines given to pregnant people should be constructed.
Andrea Edro, co-chief author and MGH maternal and fetal expert and assistant professor at Harvard Medical School, said that the best vaccine to help pregnant people and their newborns is a vaccine that can increase certain COVID levels The release suggested that 19 antibodies. It is designed to move normally through the placenta.
“We are beginning to define the rules for the introduction of placental antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 for the first time, which promotes the ability to reasonably design vaccines that protect pregnant women and their newborns,” said co-chief author. Galit Alter added. MIT and Harvard.
The researchers acknowledged that the study was limited due to the small number of participants and added that further research was needed.
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