Health
Severe viral attack on the lungs
A recent study conducted at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and published in a journal ImmunityExplains how macrophages, a type of immune cell, develop in the lungs, and that some of them may be behind severe lung disease. These immune cells are also known to contribute to exacerbation of viral attack, but little research has been done on how the human lung develops them.
Due to the nature of the structure of the lungs, the lungs are exposed to bacteria and viruses from the blood as well as the air. Macrophages aim to protect the lungs from these attacks, but contribute to severe lung disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) found in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has also been observed under the proper conditions.
Researchers have adopted a model that allows them to study the development of these immune cells directly in the living lungs. They also combined a method and model called RNA sequencing used to study the genetic activity of individual cells.
The findings showed how white blood cells develop into monocytes and then macrophages. There are two types of these monocytes, classical and non-classical monocytes, and researchers have found that non-classical monocytes that develop into macrophages do not migrate to lung tissue.
“Specific lung macrophages are probably associated with many serious lung diseases. For example, in respiratory infections, lung monocytes develop into macrophages and fight viruses and bacteria,” the study said. Lead author Elsa Ebren said. “But certain types of macrophages can also contribute to severe inflammation and infections.”
Classic monocytes migrate to tissues, where they are converted to macrophages that protect lung health and function. Researchers believe that when someone becomes infected with COVID-19, protective anti-inflammatory macrophages replace pro-inflammatory macrophages.
“The presence of these blood monocyte-derived macrophages has been shown in other studies to correlate with how severe COVID-19 is in humans and how widespread lung damage is. Patients with COVID-19 also have less HLA-, says research leader Tim Willinger, “DRhi monocytes in the blood probably move from the blood to the lungs.” “Given the important role in the rapid inflammatory response, future treatments should focus on inflammatory macrophages. Severe COVID-19 simply to reduce lung damage and mortality. ball.”
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