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Facts and misunderstandings of type 1 diabetes

 


“I didn’t even record it as any medical treatment,” Cassiaa now says. “Looking back at what I’ve experienced, I can recognize these seemingly unrelated things as symptoms.”

Her eyesight suddenly deteriorated. She begins to cramp at night and is terrible enough to wake up. She had to urinate more often and was stirring the water. “I was always hungry and hungry for junk,” she said. “At work, I ate four candy bars on a daily basis in the afternoon.”

Still she seemed to lose weight. She was always tired and was surprised at her weakness when she tried to help her partner lift the unpacked box.

Even when Caseia finally went to the doctor, her doctor focused on her heart palpitations and ordered a whole blood cell panel almost as a retrofit. Her lab revealed blood sugar levels high enough to send her to the emergency room as soon as the results were available. Within hours, she was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at the age of 26.

Until I started looking up her symptoms on the internet that morning, I never thought an adult could be diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.

according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ReportIn 2018, 34.2 million Americans had diabetes. Only 1.6 million of them had type 1 diabetes. Many people misunderstand this disease because type 1 diabetes is less common.

Misconception 1: Only children are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.

“The old name was juvenile diabetes,” says Robert Gabey, Chief Scientific and Medical Officer. American Diabetes Association.. “And there are still people who think of it in those terms, but it can develop at any age.”

In healthy people, pancreatic beta cells produce insulin. Insulin acts as a conduit for glucose to enter cells and be used for energy. In diabetes, this process is disrupted and excess glucose is present in the blood. In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes insulin resistant and cannot produce enough insulin to overcome that resistance. In type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune reaction attacks the beta cells of the pancreas, and ultimately the body produces little or no insulin.

“Why does this happen? Simply put, we’re not entirely sure,” Gabey said. The disease appears to be partly hereditary and partly caused by environmental factors that are not yet fully understood.

Misconception 2: You are born with type 1 diabetes.

Although genetically related, triggers that trigger a Type 1 autoimmune response can occur at any age. When the disease begins, the diagnosis is usually made within weeks or months. Unlike type 2 diabetes, which can develop slowly over the years, the onset of type 1 is acute and dramatic.

I asked Gabay what would happen if my daughter didn’t listen to her body and went to the doctor when she heard. Answer: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA is a condition that occurs when the body begins to burn fat as fuel and releases the ketones that accumulate in the blood when insulin is deficient. “When DKA occurs, it can be fatal,” he said. “Even with treatment, people who come to the hospital have a relatively high mortality rate.”

In short, if type 1 diabetes is not diagnosed, or if the patient is unable to be diagnosed and treated, it is fatal. Humans cannot survive without insulin.

Misconception 3: Eating too much sugar can lead to diabetes.

It is true that overweight and sluggishness are major risk factors for type 2 diabetes, but other factors play a role as well. But one thing we have certainly learned is that neither diet nor exercise causes type 1 diabetes.

Exciting new studies can ultimately lead to prevention or delay in progression of type 1 diabetes in people who carry genetic markers.Our family is enrolled in a study called TrialNetOperated by a network of researchers, including the National Institutes of Health and ADA, families of people with type 1 diabetes are screened for autoantibodies associated with the disease. People who have autoantibodies can enroll in trials of treatments that may prevent the development of type 1 diabetes.

Misconception 4: Diabetics cannot have sugar.

My daughter, who always had sweet teeth, was diagnosed just a few days before Christmas. We purchased her unsweetened candy from the “Diabetes” section of the store. But we still didn’t realize that it wasn’t just sugar intake that she had to monitor carefully, but all carbohydrates. Carbohydrates, including sugar, are broken down into glucose when digested.

For people with type 1 diabetes, all carbohydrates need to be counted and offset with insulin. What diabetics are really good at is mathematics. If you make a mistake, your blood sugar may be too high or too low. Both are dangerous.

Misconception 5: Diabetes is “correctable”.

“When insulin was discovered in 1921, it was a game changer,” Gabbay said. It changed type 1 diabetes from a death sentence to a chronic illness. People with type 1 diabetes have to inject insulin daily to survive, and access to insulin is a life-threatening problem.

Advances in technology such as continuous blood glucose monitoring and insulin pumps have simplified life with diabetes. However, doing the work of the pancreas on a daily basis is still a great mental and physical burden.

“When I was first diagnosed, I felt my body betrayed me,” says Caseia. But for her, the positive role she had to play in managing her illness helped. “Your endocrinologist, your medical team, they are resources,” she says. “But in the end, this is a disease you manage yourself. You will understand what works for you. Yes, it’s a little scary, but it empowers you.”

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