Health
COVID-19 immunity can last more than 8 months
January 8, 2021-Certain antibodies and memory cells can last more than eight months after someone is infected with the coronavirus. Especially if you have a strong immune response to COVID-19 New research Published on Wednesday Science..
Antibodies to the coronavirus spike protein were relatively stable after 6 months, and spike-specific memory B cells were higher at 6 months than in the first month after infection. The number of memory T cells decreased in about 4-6 months, but some persisted.
“That amount of memory can prevent the vast majority of people from getting hospitalized, serious illnesses for many years,” said Shane Crotti, senior author and virologist at the Lahora Institute for Immunology. I am. Told the New York Times..
The research team analyzed 254 blood samples from 188 COVID-19 patients nationwide suffering from a variety of illnesses, including asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe cases. Most were mild cases of COVID-19, and 93% had never been hospitalized. The researchers also examined 43 samples taken more than 6 months after the onset of symptoms and 8 months after infection.
They found that neutralizing antibodies were stable for 1 to 8 months after infection, and these antibodies appeared to decline gradually but persist over time.
Memory B cells, which remember the virus that makes the antibody, increased in the first 4 months after infection and then leveled off, but in almost all cases persisted after 8 months.
Memory T cells, which recognize viral antigens and trigger an immune response, emerged within 1 month of infection and began to slowly decline approximately 4-6 months after infection, but persisted. This is also true for other viruses that cause influenza and yellow fever.
The specific “helper” T cells required to produce neutralizing antibodies and long-term immunity were present in almost all samples analyzed and persisted for more than 6 months.
Antibodies and memory B cells were higher in hospitalized patients, so patients with more severe COVID-19 may build longer-term immunity.
Overall, 64% of cases showed all five immunological memory responses studied, appearing 1 or 2 months after infection. After 5-8 months, it dropped to 43%. However, 95% of patients still had at least 3 of the 5 immune categories after 5 months.
Researchers cannot draw direct conclusions about COVID-19 immunity based on the level of antibody or memory cells in the sample, but the findings appear to be promising. This may mean that the immune response may reduce patient reinfection, viral load, and disease severity in the future. Although some COVID-19 reinfections have been reported, the authors write that they tend to be asymptomatic or less severe.
“Continuous immunity to secondary COVID-19 disease can occur in most people,” they write.
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