Mutations a few days after pregnancy

Icelandic scientists by sequencing the germline genomes of identical (identical) twins and comparing them to those of their close relatives Decode genetics We found a mutation in only one of the twins and tracked it back to the first day after conception. This suggests that these twins are not as identical as expected.

Physical or behavioral differences between identical twins are usually due to environmental factors, with the assumption that genetic differences between pairs are minimal. This assumption has been used for centuries to unravel the genetic and environmental contributions to illness and other phenotypes.

To more fully investigate potential genomic differences, deCODE genetic scientists searched for mutations that are present in only one of the identical twins and published the results in a journal. Nature genetics.. As a result of their search, two groups of twin pairs were found. One is that the twins share the mutation and the other is that developmental mutations are frequently present in only one of the twins.

“When a cell divides, mutations can form, and daughter cells can have mutations that indicate the progeny of the mutant cells in the individual,” said a deCODE genetic scientist. Co-author Hákon Jónsson said. “Therefore, mutations that are present in only one of the twins can return to cell division, which leads to the development of the twins.”

Colleagues sequenced the genomes of 387 pairs of identical twins and their parents, spouses, and children to track mutation differences. They found that twins differed by an average of 5.2 early developmental mutations. In about 15% of twin pairs, one twin has many of these mutations that the other twin does not have.

The backtrack of mutations that differ between the twins suggests that the embryo is formed on the first day of embryogenesis, which is composed of several cells. And since autism and other developmental disorders (which one twin in the pair may have) are associated with such mutations, the authors in shaping such phenotypic differences. He says the role of genetic factors is underestimated.

“These two groups of identical twins give insight only into embryonic development. [a] If the embryo is composed of multiple cells, post-conception division is small, “said Kari Stefansson, CEO of deCODE Genetics. “These are exciting times that allow us to use mutations to shed light on human development in the first stages of their development.”

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