Health
Scientists Develop World’s First Tests to Accurately Predict Mood Disorders
Scientists at the University of South Australia have developed the world’s first test to accurately predict people’s mood disorders based on the level of certain proteins in the brain.
Although the association between low levels of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) and depression is well known, it has not been possible to distinguish between the three forms of BDNF protein in blood samples.
The mature form promotes neuronal growth and protects the brain, while the other two BDNF types (its precursor and BDNF prodomain) bind to different receptors, causing nerve degeneration and inflammation.
Assay kits developed by UniSA researchers are now able to accurately distinguish these proteins, unlike other commercially available kits on the market.
The findings were published in the next new treatise in collaboration with the University of Adelaide and Kunming Medical University in China. Journal of Psychiatric Research It is led by Liying Lin, a student at UniSAPhD.
One of the researchers, Professor Xin-Fu Zhou of UniSA, states that there is strong evidence that psychological stress reduces mBDNF and that lack of mBDNF causes depression.
In a study of 215 people in China, including 90 patients with clinical depression and 15 patients with bipolar disorder, researchers found a clear association with low levels of mBDNF in their blood. The more severe the depression, the lower the mBDNF level.
Mature BDNF levels in patients not taking antidepressants were also lower than in patients treated with antidepressants.
Surprisingly, there was no difference in mBDNF levels between the 14 and 96 controls with a history of suicide attempts.
No significant gender difference was found.
“Mature BDNF and proBDNF have different biological activities and act in opposition to each other, so it is essential to be able to distinguish between these two proteins and detect changes in their levels,” says Professor Zhou.
“Existing commercial BDNFELISA (enzyme-bound immunoadsorption assay) kits are not specific and can cross-react with each other. The accuracy of the kits we have developed is 80-83 percent.”
Researchers state that serum mBDNF levels below 12.4 ng / ml can be used as a cutoff point for diagnosing depression and bipolar disorder.
“This can be an objective biomarker in addition to a doctor’s clinical evaluation,” says Professor Zhou.
“Increasing evidence indicates that inflammation of brain cells is associated with depressive behavior and that proBDNF appears to activate the immune system. Therefore, to obtain accurate measurements, from mature BDNF. You need to separate it.
“Interestingly, recent studies in animals have shown that proBDNF injected into both the brain and muscle can cause direct depressive behavior,” says Professor Zhou.
The next step is to find out if the imbalance between proBDNF and mature BDNF can be remedied with electroconvulsive therapy. The project will be led by UniSA Associate Professor Larisa Bobrovskaya in collaboration with Associate Professors Dennis Liu and Dr Oliver Schubert of the University of Adelaide Psychiatrists.
Mood disorders affect millions of people around the world. However, about one-third of people with depression and bipolar disorder are tolerant of antidepressants or alternative therapies. The reason is not understood, but it may be related to imbalances between the various forms of BDNF. I would like to investigate this next... “
Xin-Fu Zhou, Professor, University of South Australia
Source:
Journal reference:
Rin, L. , et al.. (2021) Analysis of blood mature BDNF and proBDNF in mood disorders by specific Elisa assays. Journal of Psychiatric Research.. doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.021..
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