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The science behind the dream of coronaviruses (and nightmares)

 


EEarlier this month, my friend, Claire Arkyn (30), a non-profit worker in Berkeley, California, told me she had a strangely vivid and concrete dream. One was dressed for participation in a gorgeous gala, but instead of wearing an evening gown and diamonds, she dressed in toilet paper. A few nights later, she was worried that the man she met in a fictional dating app couldn’t keep the required social distance 6 feet away from her and dreamed of making her anxious.

During the global coronavirus crisis, many people have paid more attention to their dreams. As lockdowns were announced in various places around the world, we began to realize that more and more people were posting to social media there. I asked if I was the only one who had strange and memorable dreams. Some people, who claim to never remember dreams, said they remembered them for the first time.

Recent”Dream researchDirected by Diadler Lee Barrett, Assistant Professor of Psychology at Harvard Medical School Seems to confirm Increasing the incidence of vivid dreams as the virus spread worldwide. This is not unprecedented: research shows that events like 9/11 change the way people temporarily dream and make dreams More intense and memorable Several days after the attack. It seems feasible that a coronavirus pandemic that had personally affected almost everyone on Earth could have a similar effect.

However, it is difficult to elucidate how and why these events affect our dreams. Despite the great interest in this subject, dreams are still not quite well understood by science. I know We also know that our brain uses sleep to encode long-term memory, and that dreams are either part of this process or its by-products. Some studies also found that the most eye-catching sleep stage we have, Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, Essential to our healthHelps with emotional regulation and learning. But the complex interactions between our everyday events and dreams are not yet fully understood.

One thing we can say for sure is that the current coronavirus crisis Considerable stress and anxiety For millions of people. Studies show increased anxiety during the day Can lead to more negative content in dreams, Something reported by some people I talked to about COVID-19 related dreams. They said they dreamed of a corpse, saw friends or themselves attacked or killed, and felt anxious and realistic about other horrifying, surreal events.

“About a week ago, one dream I vividly remember was seeing my best friend suffocate on the ceiling by a giant black snake that looked like an anaconda,” says New Haven. 30-year-old Corbyt Lodge Conn living in. , And I work for a family parenting organization.

Stress and anxiety can interfere with sleep, and can also cause more dreams to be remembered. A good sleeper may be incredible, but everyone naturally wakes up several times at night, at the end of each 90-minute sleep cycle. Without these brief awakenings, we would have no dreams, according to Michael Nadlov, who is head of the clinical doctoral program at the Mississippi State University School of Psychology and an expert on the link between nightmares and psychoses. I can’t remember.

Nadorov says that when we wake up, the brain takes about 5 minutes to begin encoding memory. So when I wake up for a few seconds, I don’t remember, will Remember that you’re up for 10 minutes. Also, as anxiety increases, you are more likely to be awake for a time long enough to encode your memories, so you can remember more of your dreams.

“Generally, my sleep has been pretty bad for the past month,” says Brooklyn musician Veronica Torres, 34. “I woke up a few times, went to the bathroom, woke up and checked my smartphone to see if I could start another day. My body is trying to express the anxiety of this moment. I think, mainly in a nightmare. “

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The increase in vivid dreams can also be explained by the changes that pandemics have brought to people’s lifestyles, explains Courtney Bolstad, a Mississippi graduate student who works as a research assistant at Nadlov. “Social rhythm theory says that the rhythms we have during the day, the times that we wake up, and whether we meet friends can influence circadian rhythms,” says Bolstad. “If you don’t do a lot during the day, you can disrupt your circadian rhythm and sleep.”

Bolstad says that the most severe bouts of REM sleep tend to occur later in the sleep cycle. If you’re absent from work, working from home, and sleeping later, you’re likely to reach the long, deep days of REM, which creates some of our brightest dreams. Also, if anxiety negatively affects sleep, the brain can “catch up” to REM sleep at any time and produce a vivid burst of dreams overnight.

Dreams are also related to the coding of brain memory. And emotions are important enough to maintain most of the memory that the brain determines.

“The best integrated memories are those with emotional content,” says Kajavari, an associate professor of cognitive neuroscience at Scove University in Sweden. “These memories are [the ones that are] Most important to survival and daily functioning. Forget the mundane things like breakfast two weeks ago, but when a car crash or a quarrel with a friend gets emotionally noticeable, it’s easy to integrate. This also explains why our dreams tend to focus on emotional material. “

“I’ve had a dream that my father is alive and confused,” says Elissa True, 30, who lives and works at Whole Foods in Sonoma County, California. Her father died late last year. “At the end of the dream, I reconfirmed that he was really dead or that he wasn’t in the picture I just took. The dream is really detailed and surreal. Wake up and straighten yourself is needed.”

Sherry Margoline, 65, is a piano teacher and musician (and my cousin) living in Paris, and is restricted to within a mile radius of where everyone lives without special permission. . “Before the pandemic, I dreamed of playing live on stage and in rehearsals, but there were songs I had never heard of and an unexpected twist like a long-dead artist,” she says. say. “I dream of traveling by train or long car through Sonoma County, California, where I lived between the ages of 17 and 28.”

For the vast majority of people, the most dramatic way of changing lives in this crisis is to reduce the physical contact with the people they usually see. But that doesn’t mean they have stopped appearing in our dreams. “I have had an incredibly real dream. New York marketing Bijal Shah, 34, told me:” It’s this strange weird thing that keeps me awake. It’s clarity. “

Little has been done on the impact of social isolation on dreams, with the exception of some case studies and unpublished doctoral dissertations. One unpublished study, led by Jarno Tuominen, who holds a PhD in Valli majoring in psychology from Skovde University, may provide some insights. His research is Social simulation theoryAssessing that dreams feature more social content than expected based on our daily lives, we can improve our social skills and thereby increase the chances of successful reproduction. I will.

In a Tuominen study (currently seeking peer review and publication), subjects had their smartphones and computers removed and were quarantined on a remote island in Sweden for a week. They were told not to interact with anyone except through a paper note to the experimenter. Subject kept a detailed dream journal before, during, and after quarantine.

Research found that subjects were more dreaming of close friends and family when they were isolated. And the proportion of dreams of subjects with socialization decreased during isolation, but unlike their actual social contact, it did not reach zero. In addition, many of these dreams made the appearance of close friends and family.

Another PhD Ph.D student, Monica Bergen, conducted research based on a 1970s interview with a Holocaust survivor who was imprisoned in Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II. The resulting survey (approved for publication in June) will examine how dream content has changed in the camp. I remembered dreaming of close friends and family while in the camp, rather than when I met again.

These studies suggest that our dreams are sensitive to the social environment of day and day, and may explain why some of us are now more dreaming of close friends and family. I will. Such a dream is so emotional that it is exactly a type of dream that the brain is likely to commit to memory.

“The other day I had an embarrassingly obvious dream,” says 41-year-old Emma Fox, a musician in Melbourne, Australia. “I was driving on a highway and my family was following, but they had to be 300 meters behind me. In the end, they lost my sight and were completely cut off. I got lost. “

Michelle Reeves, 38, another educational technology resident in Melbourne, said he was amazed at his dreams, including the appearance of “parents, old dogs, cousins, lifelong best friends, grandparents.” The dream was “mainly set on what happened when I was a kid.”

But, after all, there are few ways to investigate the impact of such a pandemic event. For the simple reason that such an event has never really happened. The most comparable crises (9/11, earthquakes, hurricanes) tend to be accompanied by sudden and dramatic events with the associated waves of trauma and fear. Coronaviruses, however, have created a unique combination of boredom and constant low-level fear. Modern technology has allowed us to “be together” even though we are physically separated. In other words, being isolated is not really isolated. The difference between Zoom calls and face-to-face hangouts is an open question, but some studies have shown that digital communications are less effective Unite us Or Building relationships Rather than meeting others directly

But the truth is that we cannot say exactly what a pandemic does to our brain until scientists have the opportunity to study it. Valli says she is collaborating with scientists around the world to begin exploring people about their dreams at this time. “Within a year, you’ll get to know a lot about this problem,” she says. “This crisis has personally affected almost everyone. It’s a shameful global naturalistic experiment.”

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