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There is no guarantee of Covid-19 vaccine, but the outlook is very good, scientists say

 


No one can be “fully confident” that they can find a Covid-19 vaccine, but the outlook is “very good,” according to scientists leading a team trying to develop the vaccine. is.

Sara Gilbert, a professor of vaccinology at Oxford University, said she would start clinical trials next weekend.

And in addition to these trials, she said, she needed to be prepared for large-scale production of vaccines.

Gilbert told BBC’s Andrew Marshaw that trials would have to be done to see if a valid vaccine could be found.

“The outlook is very good, but it’s clearly not completely certain,” she said.

Gilbert said her team is currently waiting for final safety and clinical trial approvals to begin.

In the meantime, she was allowed to recruit volunteers, blood tests, process instructions, and health checks, she said.

Professor Gilbert said: “Once we have all the vaccines approved, we should have a sufficient number of volunteers to respond quickly.”

Gilbert said that it is difficult to know when a vaccine will be completed because of the many complex steps involved in developing a vaccine.

These start by immunizing healthy people aged 18 to 55 years and looking for safety and immune response to the vaccine before moving to the elderly group.

“This is important because the elderly really need to be vaccinated,” she said.

“But in general, vaccines do not have as good an immune response as the immune system ages, so by simply measuring the immune response to vaccination, this vaccine can be used to improve the appearance of the elderly compared to the young. We need to know how good it is. “

Half of all study volunteers get the new coronavirus vaccine, and the other half get the vaccine licensed to prevent meningitis. Volunteers don’t know what they are being given, she said.

“As time goes by, when people become infected or develop symptoms of coronavirus, they come to us for testing and arrange for them to be tested very quickly so that enough people have When they became positive, statisticians asked which groups these people were asked to find out, “Are they in the coronavirus-vaccinated group, or were they all in the meningitis-vaccinated group?” Did you belong to

“Obviously, we expect that the infection will only occur in the meningitis vaccine group, and if so, we can say that this vaccine is effective, at least in the age of the vaccine. I suppose. “

Scientists need to be able to demonstrate the efficacy of the vaccine, which is influenced by the amount of viral infection at the time the test is being performed.

Professor Gilbert said: “Obviously, we’re now seeing fewer inpatients and perhaps less viral infections in our communities. That’s great for the whole population.

“But testing a vaccine is more difficult because the number of people needed to be infected to know that the vaccine is actually working is very small, and in fact very few.”

In addition, preparation is needed to manufacture large doses.

“What we need from the government is the support we need to help speed up manufacturing,” she added, adding that there are currently no manufacturing facilities available in the country to do it. .

Gilbert said there is a plant at the University of Oxford that can produce the small doses used in the first clinical trials, but “it needs to go on a much larger scale,” he said.

Companies involved in vaccine production need to have trained staff and new equipment, she said.

“And that’s all possible, but the companies we work with will need to stop doing what they normally do and make this vaccine instead,” she added.

Professor Gilbert also said that Oxford was not looking to make money from the vaccine, adding that they are focusing on making it available for public health use.

“The university aims to protect people’s health,” she said. “And to make it as wide as possible around the world. We need to make vaccines for the world, not just for this country.”

She added that there is ongoing debate about fair access to all vaccines that work at the global level.

Gilbert said her team is in the process of vaccine development, typically taking just four months and five years.

Sir Jeremy Farrer, a member of the Government’s Emergency Scientific Advisory Group (Sage), is “optimistic” about the discovery of the vaccine, but finding a safe and effective treatment for the latest strains is “given. It wasn’t something.

He told Skyphy’s Sophy Ridge on Sunday: “I hope the vaccine will be available towards the end of the year, but we believe it’s a vaccine in a vial and safe.” It is a vaccine that is effective and is likely to be effective.

“I think it’s important to get the vaccine itself, one million doses. I know it’s safe and I believe it’s effective. It’s not the final game.

“The final game confirms that it’s really effective. It’s effective for the elderly, effective for young children, and effective for all age groups of all populations.” .

“And it has to be manufactured billions of times in order to administer it to the world.”



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