Health
Certain proteins may prevent cancer cell death and increase cancer metastasis
According to a University of Notre Dame study, one of the specific proteins could be a master regulator to change the way cancer cells consume nutrients from the environment, prevent cell death, and increase the chances of cancer spreading. there is.
The study, published in Cell Reports, was completed in the laboratory of Zachary Schafer, an associate professor of cancer biology in the Department of Life Sciences at the Coleman Foundation.
Schafer and co-workers have discovered that a protein called SGK1, which is known to be activated in various types of cancer cells, signals cells to take up nutrients. These nutrients contain glucose, which allows cells to survive after they have separated from the attached protein scaffold, called the extracellular matrix.
Non-cancerous cells often die after isolation from the extracellular matrix, but SGK1 activity promotes survival, increasing the likelihood that the cancer will spread or metastasize.
“A precise understanding of how potentially metastatic cancer cells survive in this type of foreign environment can antagonize their survival pathways and selectively kill them.” Said Schaefer, a member of the University of Notre Dame Harper Cancer Association.
More than 90% of cancer deaths are caused by the metastasis of cancer cells from one place to another, Schaefer said. For example, breast cancer can metastasize to the brain, where metastatic cancer cells need to adapt to the new environment.
Due to the unique situation in which the SGK1 protein is so important, it may be vulnerable to researchers targeting and changing the way cells process nutrients, Schafer said.
According to Schaefer, this finding appears to be broadly associated with many different types of cancer, and the study in this paper focuses on breast and colon cancer cells cultured under different conditions. The research has been carried out over the years, with several collaborative research between Duke University School of Medicine and Northwestern University Fineberg School of Medicine, as well as several postdoctoral, graduate and undergraduate researchers at Notre Dame University.
The next step in the study is to complete the “principle proof” study. This is an early stage study of how this knowledge can be used for clinical benefit. Such studies have the potential for different agents-; therapeutic agents-; to eliminate the cells in question.
If you can kill cells that have the potential to metastasize, you may be able to prevent the spread of cancer. “
University of Notre Dame, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Coleman Foundation Associate Professor, Zachary Schaefer
Source:
Journal reference:
Mason, JA, et al.. (2021) SGK1 signaling promotes glucose metabolism and survival in extracellular matrix exfoliated cells. Cell report.. doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108821..
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