Health
Temperature difference between upper and lower airways affects SARS-CoV-2 replication
A team of researchers from the Institute for Infectious Diseases (IFIK) and the Federal Institute for Virology and Immunology (IVI) at the University of Bern evaluated the growth of the virus and the activation of cell defense mechanisms in the airways.
They showed that the natural temperature difference between the upper and lower respiratory tracts has a profound effect on SARS-CoV-2 replication and subsequent innate immune activation of human cells. The findings will help develop antiviral drugs and preventative measures.
SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV are genetically very similar, producing a homologous repertoire of viral proteins and using the same receptors to infect human cells. However, despite these similarities, there are also important differences between the two viruses. “
Ronald Dijkman, Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Bern (IFIK)
For example, SARS-CoV infections are characterized by severe disease and inflammation of the lower respiratory tract, and infected individuals are transmitted only after the onset of symptoms, making it easier to identify and interrupt the infection chain.
In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 preferentially replicates in the upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea) and can be efficiently transmitted from one individual to another before symptoms of the disease appear. ..
In addition, the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection varies widely from person to person and can manifest itself as asymptomatic, mild, or severe disease. Elderly people and people with certain underlying illnesses (heart disease, diabetes, cancer) are at increased risk of developing serious illnesses that are often associated with infection of lower respiratory tract tissue, high levels of inflammation, and lung failure. I will.
Temperature is important
To better understand why SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections lead to these different clinical outcomes, researchers at the University of Bern have used specialized human airway cell cultures to use SARS-CoV. And the effect of airway temperature on SARS-CoV was investigated. -2 replication.
The cells are derived from human samples and mimic the cellular complexity found in the respiratory tract. They grow in special containers, are nourished from below and exposed to air on the top, like cells in the human trachea. Culture also makes mucus and has cilia that beat very quickly.
“The composition of these cells is so similar to the cells found in human tissue that it is a related system that can be used in the laboratory to study respiratory viruses,” explains Dykeman.
Researchers are now using this existing model for the first time to study the effects of respiratory temperature on SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 replication. They found that temperature plays an important role because SARS-CoV-2 prefers to replicate at the temperatures normally found in the upper respiratory tract (33 ° C).
Due to the low incubation temperature, the virus replicated faster and more sophisticated than when infected at 37 ° C to mimic the environment in the lower lungs. Unlike SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV replication was unaffected by different incubation temperatures.
The experiments were conducted at both the IVI Institute for High Security Security in Mitterhausan and the Institute for Biosafety at the Institute for Infectious Diseases (IFIK) at the University of Bern. ..
Temperature also affects the response from the epithelium
The team also analyzed which genes are turned on and off after SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection, how cells in the human respiratory tract respond to infection and which innate immune programs are activated. I understood what would be done.
The innate immune system is our body’s “first line of defense” against invading pathogens and is important not only to contain invaders, but also to teach them how to respond appropriately to other branches of the immune system. is.
When mimicking the condition seen in the upper respiratory tract (33 ° C), the team found that SARS-CoV-2 infection was as strong as when mimicking the condition seen in the lower respiratory tract, producing an innate immune response in these cells. I found it not irritating. Tube (37 ° C).
“This may help explain why SARS-CoV-2 replicates more efficiently at low temperatures, as the strength of the innate immune response can directly affect the degree of viral replication. There is, “says Dijkman. It is generally beneficial to initiate a strong innate immune response to the virus, but it is important to note that innate immune responses can be overactivated in some cases.
This can be harmful to infected individuals, as high levels of inflammation can induce tissue damage and accelerate the progression of the disease. This is a common phenomenon in patients suffering from severe COVID 19.
“A detailed analysis of SARS-CoV-2 replication and temperature-induced changes in the host’s innate immune defense mechanism helps explain why SARS-CoV-2 replicates so well in the upper respiratory tract, perhaps SARS. -The reason is CoV-2. It is more human-to-human infectious than SARS-CoV, “explains Dykeman.
Important knowledge to fight coronavirus infection
The use of this authentic cell culture model in a controlled laboratory environment has proven to accurately reflect the different behaviors of two similar viruses in a pandemic situation.
“This unique system provides insight into the molecular battles that occur between the virus and the host during infection, and subtle changes in the virus-host microenvironment that can affect virus replication and proliferation. We emphasize the importance of the virus, “says Dijkman.
Understanding which key players are involved in this process and whether they support the host or virus is a new drug that helps establish highly targeted intervention strategies and combat coronavirus infections. It opens up new opportunities for the development of compounds.
Source:
Journal reference:
V’kovski, P. , et al.. (2021) Different temperature-dependent virus-host dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in human respiratory epithelium. PLOS BIOLOGY.. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001158..
..
What Are The Main Benefits Of Comparing Car Insurance Quotes Online
LOS ANGELES, CA / ACCESSWIRE / June 24, 2020, / Compare-autoinsurance.Org has launched a new blog post that presents the main benefits of comparing multiple car insurance quotes. For more info and free online quotes, please visit https://compare-autoinsurance.Org/the-advantages-of-comparing-prices-with-car-insurance-quotes-online/ The modern society has numerous technological advantages. One important advantage is the speed at which information is sent and received. With the help of the internet, the shopping habits of many persons have drastically changed. The car insurance industry hasn't remained untouched by these changes. On the internet, drivers can compare insurance prices and find out which sellers have the best offers. View photos The advantages of comparing online car insurance quotes are the following: Online quotes can be obtained from anywhere and at any time. Unlike physical insurance agencies, websites don't have a specific schedule and they are available at any time. Drivers that have busy working schedules, can compare quotes from anywhere and at any time, even at midnight. Multiple choices. Almost all insurance providers, no matter if they are well-known brands or just local insurers, have an online presence. Online quotes will allow policyholders the chance to discover multiple insurance companies and check their prices. Drivers are no longer required to get quotes from just a few known insurance companies. Also, local and regional insurers can provide lower insurance rates for the same services. Accurate insurance estimates. Online quotes can only be accurate if the customers provide accurate and real info about their car models and driving history. Lying about past driving incidents can make the price estimates to be lower, but when dealing with an insurance company lying to them is useless. Usually, insurance companies will do research about a potential customer before granting him coverage. Online quotes can be sorted easily. Although drivers are recommended to not choose a policy just based on its price, drivers can easily sort quotes by insurance price. Using brokerage websites will allow drivers to get quotes from multiple insurers, thus making the comparison faster and easier. For additional info, money-saving tips, and free car insurance quotes, visit https://compare-autoinsurance.Org/ Compare-autoinsurance.Org is an online provider of life, home, health, and auto insurance quotes. This website is unique because it does not simply stick to one kind of insurance provider, but brings the clients the best deals from many different online insurance carriers. In this way, clients have access to offers from multiple carriers all in one place: this website. On this site, customers have access to quotes for insurance plans from various agencies, such as local or nationwide agencies, brand names insurance companies, etc. "Online quotes can easily help drivers obtain better car insurance deals. All they have to do is to complete an online form with accurate and real info, then compare prices", said Russell Rabichev, Marketing Director of Internet Marketing Company. CONTACT: Company Name: Internet Marketing CompanyPerson for contact Name: Gurgu CPhone Number: (818) 359-3898Email: [email protected]: https://compare-autoinsurance.Org/ SOURCE: Compare-autoinsurance.Org View source version on accesswire.Com:https://www.Accesswire.Com/595055/What-Are-The-Main-Benefits-Of-Comparing-Car-Insurance-Quotes-Online View photos
Pictures Credit
to request, modification Contact us at Here or [email protected]