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Vaccines and treatments for coronavirus are in development, what is Plan C?

 


Will the vaccine save us from COVID-19? What about new treatments for the condition? Indications may need to find “Plan C”.

Billions of people are locked up in our home. I can’t go to the beach. office. Or school. The most straightforward response to a virus pandemic.

This is also the only sure answer. Science takes time. The medicine takes time. Both need to work.

Although still in its infancy, COVID-19 may not offer much of it to us.

The World Health Organization says that only a few percent of the world’s population has developed antibodies that resist the virus. And I don’t know how long these will last.

Meanwhile, we all expect the vaccine to be signed, sealed and delivered next year. If this happens, what do we do in the meantime?

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Many drugs and treatments have been proposed. Some, including the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine, are already on the roadside. Others have just begun the clinical trials needed to ensure that they do no more harm to the victim than the virus itself.

And then there is the Holy Grail. It’s a vaccine.

Scientists around the world are competing for this goal. Many candidates are already running.

But vaccines are not easy. No one has changed direction in just 18 months. It takes years, if not most, decades before they are reliable enough to be released for public use.

“We need to prepare for a world without vaccines,” said Professor Ravi Gupta of the Institute for Immunology and The Institute of Infectious Diseases in Cambridge and the Huffington Post. “Establishing public policy based on the hope of a vaccine is a hopeless step. We should expect a vaccine, but not next year and a half. Those who say we can do it Everyone is exaggerated. “

So what is Plan C?

vaccine

It has been 40 years since the HIV-AIDS virus became known to the world. There is no vaccine yet. There are interventions that suffocate that progress.

Don’t even mention a common cold. Why do you expect something different with COVID-19?

Despite the anti-vaccination paranoia, much effort is being made to ensure that the vaccine is as safe as humans can be. Moving beyond the simulation and lab phases, the vaccine will be tested on animals with biological mechanics similar to humans. It can take months.

Next, a small group of volunteers will be given a small trial to confirm their safety and effectiveness.

Passing this test will increase to hundreds of subjects. This is to see if the vaccine has a consistent effect across wide groups of the population.

Only then will Phase 3 begin and the performance of thousands will be closely monitored and analyzed.

About 100 types of COVID-19 vaccines have already been developed around the world. At least five are in early human testing. In Australia, CSIRO has begun animal testing.

“Every new vaccine in development is a long shot. Oxford researcher Sir Patrick Valence told the British media.

The three test phases can be somewhat faster, but they have limitations. For example, you need to determine the life span of efficacy of a vaccine.

If it’s less than a year, it’s pretty useless.

And the only way to understand it is to watch it run that course.

Medical intervention

There are options other than vaccines. Vaccines are by far the best option.

And the natural hopes of “herd immunity” formed among survivors may disappear.

WHO Director Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus reports that findings from studies around the world indicate that low levels of natural antibodies have been detected.

This means that governments in the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Italy and others are hoping that revampers will return to the community by issuing “exempt passports” and their work could be a rude shock. I mean. They may not be immune. At least not long. I do not know.

“It’s a reasonable assumption that this virus hasn’t changed much. I think if we get infected now and get infected again in February or March next year, this person will be protected,” Anthony, White House. Forti’s US COVID-19 Medical and Health Advisor said:

WHO is not certain.

“There is currently no evidence that performing a serological test can show that an individual is immune or protected from reinfection,” a WHO spokeswoman countered.

Without a vaccine, it leaves only medical intervention. That means an effective cure for people who are unlucky enough to catch a bad dose of COVID-19. Not yet.

Like AIDS, medical researchers want to find possible and effective antiviral drugs. This inhibits the advance of COVID 19 through the victim’s body.

Other treatments may try to limit the effects of a “cytokine storm” -when the immune system uncontrollably turns in response to an infection. Here, the body, not the virus, injures itself. And vital organs can begin to shut down.

Only four months have passed since the pandemic began, and little progress has been made on this front.

About 20 promising drugs are in clinical trials. And welcomes that intensive care units struggle under their burden, even for moderately effective treatments.

But even if it proves to be effective, you still need to build production lines, secure supplies and establish distribution networks.

Rendescivir is an antiviral drug. Tested in Europe, America and China. Initial results are promising, but it will take another three months before enough data is collected for reliable performance indicators.

The well-known hydroxychloroquine antimalarial drug is about to be discarded. Initial tests are mostly negative with little or no inter-patient results. However, testing is ongoing worldwide.

Actemra is designed to address the cytokine storm immune response in cancer patients. It has also been tested in Europe, America and China for its potential impact on COVID-19.

Collected plasma from COVID-19 patients is expected to introduce fresh antibodies to fight the patient’s virus. It has been used for over a century and generally has few side effects. The indication is so far positive, but it is unlikely to be sufficient to treat a full-scale pandemic.

Plan C?

Until medicine can achieve either or both of the above, you may have to resort to many dull tools.

“The COVID-19 epidemic curve has been flattened in many countries around the world, not the new antiviral drugs or vaccines that did it.” Written by Bond University professors Tammy Hoffman and Paul Grassio.

“We are saved by quarantine, social distance, hand washing, and for health care workers non-drug interventions such as masks and other protective equipment.”

If the new host cannot be found, the virus cannot replicate. As such, it may be necessary to maintain for some time the basic social / physical distance measures and hygienic superconsciousness.

You may need to change your lifestyle.

Takeshi Kasai, a spokeswoman for the World Health Organization, summarized it when he told international media briefings that the world needed to adapt its lifestyle.

There is no party. There are no sports spectators. There are no crowded cafes or bars.

“At least until a vaccine or a very effective cure is found, this process will need to become our new normal,” he said.

But a professor at Bond University says he needs a better understanding of these strategies themselves.

They need to be more than just blunt weapons.

“The world is betting most of its research funding on finding vaccines and effective drugs. While that effort is essential, how to target non-drug interventions, which have been the only effective one so far, It should be accompanied by research on how to improve, “they write.

What is the correct safety distance? 1 meter, 2 meters, or 4 meters?

Does soap also work as a disinfectant? What kind of mask works?

How contagious is the virus when it is on the surface or on the package?

“These are just some of the things we don’t know about non-drug interventions … I need an answer right now.”

The professor says the problem is that we don’t know if practical measures are effective. And what is really happening is incomplete or poor quality.

“If an effective vaccine or drug does not come to fruition, then we need (planning) to use only non-drug interventions, which is why they are effective and how they are implemented as effectively as possible. We need quality research to find out what to do. “

Jamie Seidel is a freelance writer

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