Covid vaccine myths debunked: These reasons for not getting a shot don’t hold up. In fact, they’ll set the US back

“Even for young people who consider their risk of severe Covid to be low, the long-term consequences can be quite serious,” said Dr. Francis Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health.

“So, long Covid represents one more reason to encourage everyone age 16 and over to get vaccinated as quickly as possible.”

But rampant myths and unnecessary concerns stand in the way. Here are some of the most popular arguments for not getting vaccinated and why doctors want to set the record straight:

‘We don’t know what the long-term side effects are’

Any adverse side effects from vaccines almost always “show up within the first two weeks, and certainly by the first two months,” said Dr. Ashish Jha, dean of the Brown University School of Public Health.

That’s why he and many other health experts asked the US Food and Drug Administration to wait at least two months after trial participants had been inoculated before considering whether to give emergency authorization to Covid-19 vaccines.

“If there were going to (be) problems … they would become apparent within two months of people getting vaccinated,” he said. “That’s what the FDA waited for.”

The most serious vaccine side effects in history have all been caught within six weeks, said Dr. Paul Offit, director of the Vaccine Education Center at the Children’s Hospital in Philadelphia and a member of the FDA’s Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee.

“I would say, please tell me what vaccine has ever been shown to cause a long-term side effect that was not picked up in the first two months,” said Offit, a co-creator of the rotavirus vaccine who has studied vaccinology for more than four decades.

“The smallpox vaccine could cause inflammation of the heart muscle. The oral polio vaccine was a rare cause of polio — it occurred in roughly 1 in 2.4 million doses. … The yellow fever vaccine is a rare cause of … yellow fever. All those occurred within six weeks of getting a dose,” he said.

There may be very rare side effects that aren’t immediately found in clinical trials. But that’s due to the extreme rarity of those side effects — “not because it’s a long-term problem,” Offit said.

“Sometimes you’re not going to pick it up initially because it’s extremely rare, so you aren’t going to pick up a one-in-a-million risk in a trial of 44,000 people,” he said.

Pfizer/BioNTech and Johnson & Johnson had about 44,000 participants in each of their trials. Half the volunteers got vaccinated, and the other half got placebos.

The Moderna trial had about 30,000 participants, with half receiving vaccines and half receiving placebos.

‘The vaccine might hurt my fertility’

This is pure nonsense, Offit said.

There’s no evidence that people have lost any fertility because of the Covid-19 vaccines.

The rumor apparently started with the myth that the coronavirus spike protein, which is mimicked when you get a vaccine, also mimics the protein on the surface of placental cells, Offit said.

“So the false notion was that when you’re making an immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, you also were inadvertently making a response to a placental protein — which would then make you less likely to be fertile,” Offit said.

“So it’s all nonsense. It’s not true.”

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also said there’s no link between any vaccines and fertility.

“There is currently no evidence that any vaccines, including COVID-19 vaccines, cause fertility problems.”

‘It’s none of your business if I don’t get vaccinated’

Refusing the Covid-19 vaccine actually impacts a lot of people — yourself, your loved ones, even the country as a whole.

“When people say, ‘What do you care? You’re vaccinated. I’m going to choose not to be vaccinated. You’re vaccinated, so you’re good'” — that makes three false assumptions, Offit said.

And as Americans go back to crowded bars, concerts, sporting events and movie theaters, the need for mass vaccination becomes even more important.

Second, it’s a mistake to think everyone who wants a vaccine can just get one. “Some people are on cancer chemotherapy. They can’t be vaccinated — they depend on the herd to protect them,” Offit said.

So many of the most vulnerable Americans are counting on fellow Americans to get vaccinated.

“And third, by not being vaccinated, or being part of a reasonably sized group of people who are choosing not to get the vaccine, you’re allowing the virus to continue to replicate. When it’s allowed to continue to replicate, it will create mutations, which could then cause variants that are completely resistant to the immunity induced by natural infection or immunization.”

In other words: Failing to get a vaccine could make the vaccines less effective. And that could ruin everyone’s vaccinations — throwing the country backward in this pandemic.

‘I’m young and healthy, so I don’t need to get vaccinated’

It’s critical for young, healthy adults to get vaccinated. Many of those who refused have already paid a price.

“So remember that the B.1.1.7 variant is different from past types of Covid infections that we’ve seen — more serious and possibly more severe disease among younger people.”

Young adults can get long-term Covid-19 complications. Plenty of young, healthy people have turned into Covid-19 “long-haulers.”

“Covid-19 doesn’t have to kill you to wreck your life,” said Dr. Jonathan Reiner, professor of medicine and surgery at George Washington University.

If too few people get vaccinated, we’ll never reach herd immunity. “It’s important to vaccinate as many adults as possible as soon as possible,” internal medicine specialist Dr. Jorge Rodriguez said.

“If you want to open up America, get vaccinated.”

‘These vaccines only have emergency use authorization, not full FDA approval’

It’s true that the Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines have emergency use authorization from the FDA and not full approval yet.

But that’s only because not enough time has passed to show how long the vaccines stay effective, Offit said.

“Frankly, the only real difference was in length of follow-up,” he said. “Typically, you like to see efficacy for a year or two years.”

He stressed that the vaccines’ EUA status doesn’t mean they’re less safe. As a member of the FDA vaccine advisory committee, Offit said the vaccines are reviewed with the same level of scrutiny as they would to get full approval.

Offit said he’s confident the vaccines will get full FDA approval.

“The effectiveness and efficacy data in the Phase 3 trials and now in the real world … is excellent,” he said.

Also, the vaccine trials showed “excellent cellular immune responses — meaning so-called T helper cells.” That’s a good sign these vaccines give strong, long-lasting protection, Offit said.

‘I’ve already had Covid-19, so I don’t need to be vaccinated’

Even if you’ve had coronavirus, you should still get vaccinated because the immunity you get from vaccination will likely be longer or stronger than the immunity you got after getting infected, health experts say.

“That’s true for a number of vaccines — the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine induces immunity better than natural infection. The tetanus vaccine does,” he said.

When it comes to the two-dose vaccines — those from Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna — people who’ve already had coronavirus should still get both doses, emergency medicine physician Dr. Leana Wen said.

Those vaccines were studied in people taking both doses, and that’s what experts know to be effective. It’s not clear how long protection after just one dose might last.

“We also don’t know how long protection will last after having coronavirus, so you should still be (fully) vaccinated,” Wen said.

‘I don’t want to get Covid-19 from the vaccine’

It’s literally impossible to get Covid-19 from any of the vaccines used in the US because none of them contains even a piece of real coronavirus.

‘My faith will protect me, so I don’t need to get vaccinated’

“If you believe that God created us in his image, including being able to think and reason, we’ve been able to think and reason a lot of these diseases away” thanks to vaccination, he said.

“We don’t die from smallpox anymore. Children aren’t permanently paralyzed by polio anymore in the United States. It’s a good thing. That’s because God gave us a brain to think and reason with. So use it.”

‘I might not be able to afford a vaccine’

“It’s all free. The government is paying for this,” Offit said.

This is one message public officials could do a better job explaining, he said.

“I never hear them described as free, I think because it’s always assumed that people know they’re free,” Offit said.

But “maybe for all those commercials you see on TV … they should make it clear you don’t have to pay this.”

For those who might lack internet access, Offit said it’d be a good idea for state or local health departments to send flyers in the mail explaining when and how people can get vaccinated — and reminding them it’s free.

The bottom line: Not getting vaccinated could set everyone back

If you want to protect yourself, your friends, your family and the economy, get vaccinated. Otherwise, you’ll be part of the problem — not the solution.

“This virus is continuing to mutate,” Offit said. “The thing I’m most worried about is that this virus will mutate to the point that immunity induced by natural infection or vaccination doesn’t work at all. That’s the most important reason to vaccinate.”

The longer a virus circulates among unvaccinated people, the more opportunities it has to mutate. And if the mutations are significant, they can lead to more problematic variants — including some that could partially or fully escape vaccine protection.

So the key to ending this pandemic isn’t just getting vaccinated. It’s getting vaccinated as soon as possible, before the virus mutates into variants that we can’t control with our current vaccines.

“The vaccine is the most important pathway to ending this pandemic. That means we’ve got to get everyone in our country vaccinated,” US Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy said.

“Now what we’ve got to do is, No. 1: Get the vaccine. No. 2: Turn around and look at our family and friends and ask if they’re going to get vaccinated. If they need help, that’s what we’ve got to do.”