“Lost” microbes found in ancient poop can relieve chronic illness

Microbiomes are a combination of fungi, bacteria, and viruses found in the intestines, primarily in the large intestine, that help digest food, fight disease, and regulate the immune system.

Previous studies have linked pre-industrial diets, increased intestinal flora diversity, and reduced incidence of chronic disease, and the team has investigated this association in ancient human intestinal flora. Attempted to find a reconstruction of the Joslin Diabetes Center researcher Alexander Costic Boston I told CNN.

Research in this area has been hampered by a lack of well-preserved DNA samples, but the team found eight 1,000-2,000 year human feces found in Mexico and the southwestern United States. We were able to perform detailed genetic analysis of the sample. Before.

Costic told CNN that the faeces were “exquisitely preserved” thanks to the extreme dryness of the desert areas found.

Researchers have reconstructed a total of 498 microbial genomes and concluded that 181 is from ancient humans. Of them, 61 were previously undiscovered in other samples.

Then the team compared them to the present Gut microbiota from industrial and non-industrial populations have found that ancient ones are closer to today’s non-industrial genome.

According to a study using samples from the Mazahua indigenous communities of Fiji, Madagascar, Peru, Tanzania, and Central Mexico, the non-industrial lifestyle is “consumption of raw and self-produced foods, limited use of antibiotics. , And is characterized by a more active lifestyle. “

Both ancient and modern non-industrial genomes contain more genes used to metabolize starch. This may be because people in these societies ate more complex carbohydrates compared to the current industrial population.

Costic told CNN that the disappearance or extinction of microbes would have a knock-on effect on our health.

“When they’re gone, we’re losing an important part that makes us,” he said.

Although research is in its infancy, Kostic hopes that the microbes reconstructed by the team can ultimately be used to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases such as obesity and autoimmune diseases.

“We were able to re-sow people with these human-related microbes,” he said.

Research in this area is progressing, according to Kostic, and some fecal microbiota transplants are being addressed for approval by the US Food and Drug Administration.

The plan is to first determine if the rediscovered microorganisms actually exist in living non-industrial populations today, then introduce gut microbiomes from non-industrial people into the animals and they. Is to see how is affected.

The next step is to identify certain microbes that can be introduced into the human gut and use synthetic biology to reconstruct them, Kostic said.

At the same time, he added, more archaeological research is needed to determine if there is a “unified human microbiome that once existed.”

Meanwhile, Costic said there was nothing we could do to get the extinct microbes back into the gut flora.

However, he added that eating fiber and complex carbohydrates, exercising and coming into contact with soil and animals can increase the diversity of the gut microbiota.

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