Health
Wastewater detection and tracking speeds up COVID-19’s early warning system
Toronto –Mathematics continues to be a powerful force against COVID-19.
Its latest contribution is a sophisticated algorithm for identifying key locations for COVID-19 detection and tracking using urban wastewater systems. Timing is important, according to the researchers who created the algorithm, especially if COVID-19 is well contagious in itself, thanks to the newly emerging variants.
Professor Oded Berman, a professor of operations management and statistics at the University of Toronto’s Lotman School of Business, said, “You need to act quickly, because in the meantime a newly infected person can infect others. “.
This latest study is based on a previous study by Professor Berman in collaboration with Richard Larson of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Mehdi Nouringard of the University of York. The trio initially developed two algorithms to determine the location of sewerage system choices for manual COVID-19 testing and subsequent source tracking. Sewerage is a rich environment for detecting the presence of disease upstream. This is because the debris of the viral gene is excreted in the stool of infected people by a week before they may notice that they are ill.
Investigators’ new research more accurately models one-way pipes and manhole tree-like networks in typical urban sewer systems, accelerating detection / tracking processes with automated sensors installed in specific manholes. By doing so, you can improve and optimize your initial work. An easier-to-use algorithm.
In this scenario, the sensor sends an alert each time COVID-19 is detected. Then, manual testing is done on several manholes further upstream selected according to the algorithm, such as a small group of homes or a “hotspot” neighborhood until the final source is identified. Residents of that much smaller area can be contacted for further inspection and quarantine as needed, limiting potential new outbreaks.
Applying this approach to a drainage system with 2,000 manholes, it is only necessary to install seven sensors along the network to detect COVID-19 and track it to its source within a day.
“The sensor allowed us to manually sample a smaller number of manholes than in previous studies and detect infections much faster,” says Professor Berman.
Such sensors are not yet available, but such technologies are under development. Accurate and rapid on-site testing of COVID-19 and field testing to fine-tune the system are also required.
This result is promising not only for the detection of COVID-19, but also for the detection of other viruses that are highly infectious and cause vomiting and diarrhea, such as norovirus. This work could also be used to monitor crystal methamphetamine labs and illegal bomb production, as by-products of chemicals end up in wastewater.
Professor Berman is usually working on future issues such as the introduction of self-driving cars, and is the first drainage study to apply his expertise to urgent global issues.
“It’s exciting to work on something that’s so much needed and that can help people right away,” he said. “It’s a lot different from what we’ve done so far.”
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