Why were the warning signs missing for a British teenager in trouble?

LONDON (AP) Six months after a teenage attacker killed three girls at a children's dance class in England, new details about his background have sparked questions about how authorities repeatedly failed to discover the threat he posed. I ordered it.

Officials said this week that Axel Rudakubana, 18, was found guilty of assault at the school, was obsessed with violence and had been referred to counter-terrorism officials several times before the attack shocked the nation.

But the government said the teen did not fit traditional ways of understanding terrorism, so he did not show clear adherence to extremist ideology or organized group officials labeled him a serious threat.

Prime Minister Keir Starmer shows how Britain's counter-terrorism strategy needs a complete rethink.

Home Affairs Minister Yvette Cooper announced an investigation into why several state agencies failed to identify the risk posed by Rudakubana.

How did he get through so many gaps? she said It's intolerable to think that more can and should be done.

Rudakubana pleaded guilty to all charges on Monday and was sentenced to more than 50 years in prison on Thursday for what the judge called the most extreme, shocking and exceptionally serious crimes.

She looks at her case and sees what warning signs she may have missed.

Who is Rudakubana and what happened last year?

Rudakubana was born in Wales to Rwandan immigrants.

He murdered three girls aged six to nine this week and attempted to murder eight other children and two adults at a Taylor Swift-themed dance and children's stand in Southport, Northern England, on July 29.

It sparked a week of widespread rioting across Britain after the suspect was falsely identified as an asylum seeker who had recently arrived in the country by boat.

Rudakubana also possesses documents described as production of the biological toxin ricin and Al-Qaida training manuals.

Police searched his home and found documents about Nazi Germany, the Rwandan genocide and a car bomb in his device.

But prosecutors concluded that they could not identify a specific terrorist cause, and the evidence suggested that Ruda Cubana took it upon himself to carry out the mass murders.

Was he on the authorities radar?

Officials say Rudacuvana has had several contacts with authorities in the past.

In 2019, he was found guilty of assaulting another child at school with a hockey stick and was separated from police and placed under the supervision of a youth offending team, part of the local authority.

He has been referred to the government prevention program three times, in December 2019 when he was 13 years old, and twice in 2021. The recommendation was that he was involved in school shootings, the 2017 London Bridge attack, and Cooper said the Irish Republican Army and the Middle East.

His case was assessed by counter-terrorism police, but each time the referral was closed without further action.

During the same period, local police were called to his home five times for unspecified concerns about his behavior.

He received mental health and educational support, but appears to have later stopped engaging with social workers. He was expelled from one school after bringing a knife and never had a long spell at another.

What's wrong?

The incident showed official policy had not kept up with how terrorism had changed, Starmer said.

Unlike organized groups with clear political ideologies or motivations, such as the Islamic State group, new threats have emerged due to loneliness, non-conformity, and extreme violence carried out by young people in their bedrooms and in all kinds of material online. Approaching, desperate for fame, said the Prime Minister.

An initial Home Office review of the Rudakubanas Case found that repeated referrals to anti-cardiac programs had not been properly considered because too much weight was placed on them in the absence of ideology.

Hannah Rose, a hate and extremism analyst at the Institute for Strategic Dialogue, a London-based think tank, said that since the attacks of September 11, 2001, many Western countries have become ideologically or politically extremist. is focused on and ignores the significant rise. Young people who have suffered extreme violence online over the past 10 years.

Over the past five years, (the government) has had to pivot to this non-ideological, more diffuse and nihilistic form of violence, which does not fall into the terrorism mold, Rose said.

People under the age of 18 accounted for 57% of all referrals to government in 2023 and 2024. This is the highest rate since data was first collected in 2016.

What changes are proposed?

Starmer suggested terrorism laws may need to be amended to cover non-ideological youth violence, but this was met with mixed reactions from experts.

Meanwhile, the government has promised to change the law so retailers will have to ask anyone buying a knife for two forms of identification.

Authorities said Rudacuvana admitted to carrying knives and had previously shown clear intent to use them. Despite his assault conviction, he could easily order a knife from Amazon and carry out his assault.

Online safety laws were recently introduced by media technology companies and social media platforms to regulate extremist and violent content and reduce risks to users, especially children and young people.

But Stuart MacDonald, a law professor who studies online extremism at Swansea University, said that for young people looking for this type of content and who are relatively tech-savvy, these spaces are not difficult to find.

The challenge for regulators is how to take enforcement action against these obscure platforms when they are difficult to identify, he said.

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