Fault and fold signals in seismic data

Source: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

The earth’s crust is in constant motion. As the tectonic plates that make up the lithosphere move, break up and collide with each other, the crust breaks and folds in response. Faulting and folding both play into fold folds, which are generated by slope systems, but the dynamics and timing of folding in relation to seismic cycles are not well understood.

In search of answers, Malik et al. developed a numerical model to simulate folding in the brittle crust throughout the earthquake cycle, which explains the mechanical relationship between fault slip and fault-induced inelastic deformation. The team extracted the rate of shear stress from the gradual deformation using elastic models of folding and combined it with simulations of earthquake sequences and rate-state friction models of fault strength evolution.

The authors found that the crust’s elastic response to false slip can mask the inelastic distortion in geodetic data during large earthquakes but that it is possible to distinguish these signals in the post-earthquake period. They show that the rate of fault deformation is closely related to fault slip, with the largest rates occurring during and immediately after earthquakes and decreasing logarithmically over time. Furthermore, they found that the type of rock present could influence this relaxation rate.

To elicit geodetic signals of fault deformation from those of launch when a fault occurs, the authors recommended that future studies combine seismic geodetic observations with structural geological data on fault geometry. (Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022045, 2021)

—Kate Wheeling, science writer

Citation: Wheeling, K. (2021), Faulting and fold Filling in seismic data, Eos, 102, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EO210643. Posted on December 6, 2021. Text © 2021. AGU. CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 Unless otherwise noted, images are subject to copyright. Any reuse without the express permission of the copyright owner is prohibited. Related

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