Earthquake prediction technology can shed light on the strength and reliability of materials

Common minerals, earthquakes, and avalanches statistics can be used to measure the impact of adverse environmental events on materials.

Such studies would provide important information about the degradation and failure of materials used in advanced solar panels, geological carbon sequestration and infrastructure such as buildings, roads and bridges.

Muscovite mica. Credit: Karen Dahmen.

Muscovite is the most common type of mica. They are known for their layered, scaly plates.

The mineral can be found in granite and gneiss and contains aluminum and potassium. It is used in many materials science applications including the construction of high-temperature furnaces and furnace windows.

The study published in Nature Communications offers a new use for muscovite.

Engineers must be able to test the response of different materials to stress and strain in order to create infrastructure that can withstand environmental events such as earthquakes.

They also want to know how chemical reactions between minerals and groundwater along faults can slowly weaken rocks and lead to sudden failure. This process is called chemical and mechanical weakening.

“While previous attempts to measure the impact of chemical and mechanical weakness in engineering materials have relied on complex molecular dynamics models that require significant computational resources, our work instead focuses on the bridge between laboratory experiments and real-world phenomena such as earthquakes,” says study leader Jordan Sickel. Graduate student at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in the United States.

“The Moscow material was chosen for this study mainly because of the extreme flatness of this material,” says Karen Damen, a professor at the University of Illinois. “Each of its cortical layers is flat to the atomic level. Because of this flatness, the interaction between the surface of this material and its environment is of particular importance.

Earthquake damage. Image credit: tunart / E+ / Getty Images Plus.

The researchers tested the chemical and mechanical weakness on muscovite surfaces by exposing the samples to different conditions. This includes dehydrated and immersed in deionized water and salt water solutions with a pH of 9.8 or 12.

They found that dry muscovite could deform further before it failed.

“The results of this work allow researchers to test material failure more quickly than with detailed, high-energy simulations,” Seckel says. “By showing that we can observe the same results using already existing statistical models of earthquakes, researchers will be able to perform more material analysis than was previously possible.”

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