The study of Japan does not find any link between housing damages and deaths after Earthquake

Kaplan-Meier curves of the entire death according to the degree of damage to the house caused by the East Japan Grand earthquake (n = 58,320). Credit: Epideology and Community Health Magazine (2025). Doi: 10.1136/jech-2024-223084

Scientists know that natural disasters have negative health effects on survivors, but long -term notes are not present. To help fill this gap, a Japanese research team has investigated the relationship between the degree of damage to the housing resulting from the Great East Japan earthquake (GEJE) and fully deaths, using data from the study of the soil that Tohoku Medical Megabank (TMM) is a project.

Using long -term monitoring periods, this research project does not show any major relationship between the degree of home damage and comprehensive deaths. The work was published in the Journal of Epideology and Community Health on January 15, 2025.

On March 11, 2011, GEJE and Tsunami, which followed the northeastern coast of Japan, were destroyed. By March 1, 2021, there were 22318 dead or missing people due to the earthquake and tsunami. The team wanted to understand the negative health effects that had a catastrophe on the survivors, with a focus on the relationship between the housing damages that people experienced and the deaths that precede it completely.

As for their research, the team used data from studying the community dust conducted by the TMM project in disasters. The TMM project conducted its baseline questionnaire from May 2013 to March 2016 using questionnaires, blood, urine and detailed tests.

More than 59,000 participants participated in the survey. GEJE survivors faced a wide range of physical and mental health challenges, including depression, post -traumatic disorder, anxiety, liver, diabetes, high blood pressure and chronic kidney disease, and has already revealed many previous reports.

The research team analyzed their data using the COX Risk Form. This method allows researchers to check the time to survive for patients, as there are many variables.

“The results of this study showed that the degree of housing damage caused by Gigi did not affect the total deaths,” said Nakaya, a professor at the University of Tuhoko. These results may have occurred because the time elapsed until death was short or because public health activities of every local government may have suppressed the increase in deaths.

“For example, diseases may be prevented by eliminating the burden of medical expenses in disasters -affected areas and ensuring access to medical care by strengthening the medical system. This discovery may also provide evidence that public health efforts do not increase deaths.” Nakaya.

Previous studies have studied the relationship with deaths all the causes after natural disasters through monitoring studies with limited follow -up periods. What distinguishes this study is that researchers have adopted the design of potential dust and followers of approximately 60,000 participants over a long period of 6.5 years. They analyzed more than 1700 deaths and considered possible confusing factors.

The research team notes some restrictions in their studies. The team evaluated the degree of damage to GEJE homes using self -management questionnaires. The basic survey period was three years, from May 2013 to March 2016, and a poor classification classification may occur due to the errors of the participants. Also, their foundation has begun almost two years later.

Early deaths after Al -Jaji cannot be included in the study of this dust. If the early deaths are higher among the population who have suffered widespread housing damage, the team notes that this study has reduced the risk of deaths.

There are other restrictions that this study was conducted in two institutions that used different follow -up methods of deaths until 2021. These different roads could have allowed some deaths. The team also notes that the social, physical, and lifestyle that has been investigated in this study has changed after the survey. These factors can change due to the damage caused by Geje.

And because participation was voluntary, this study may be biased towards more healthy people in society. Although this bias may not affect the internal authority, the team urges caution when generalizing the results related to the degree of housing or deaths.

“More long -term follow -up studies are needed to study long -term health effects of natural disasters on survivors,” Nakaya said. The team also notes the need to analyze the causes of death as results, including cardiovascular disease and mental illness.

More information: Naoki Nakaya et al, a degree of damage to the housing resulting from the Great East Japan earthquake and deaths in all reasons in studying the community dust of the TOHOKU MEGABANC project, epidemic and community health journal (2025). Doi: 10.1136/jech-2024-223084

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