Vanuatu | Earthquake – Final Report (MDRVU012) – Vanuatu

A. Situation analysis

Description of the crisis

On 17 December 2024, a 7.3 magnitude earthquake struck about 30 kilometers west of Port Vila and at a depth of 57 kilometres, causing widespread devastation throughout Efate and the surrounding islands. The earthquake caused landslides, building collapses and damage to critical infrastructure, including roads, bridges, water supply systems, communications and port facilities. Several aftershocks followed, including at least 15 aftershocks with magnitude above 5.0. According to the National Disaster Management Office (NDMO), about 80,000 people were affected, about a quarter of Vanuatu’s population, and 36,000 people in Port Vila were directly affected. The disaster resulted in the deaths of 14 people, the injury of at least 265 people, and the displacement of more than 2,400 people. Basic services were disrupted, with damage to health facilities, schools and water networks affecting access to healthcare, education and potable water. Electricity and communications were also temporarily cut off.

Access and logistics were severely restricted by damage to roads, bridges and port infrastructure, while landslides and transportation restrictions delayed relief efforts. The closure of Port Vila’s central business district and main market has led to business disruption, job losses, and reduced household income. Pre-existing vulnerabilities, such as limited access to basic services, poverty, and poor construction practices, exacerbated the overall impact, especially for vulnerable groups.

The Vanuatu government declared a state of emergency, activated the National Emergency Operations Center (NEOC), and requested humanitarian assistance. In line with national protocols, sectoral coordination mechanisms have been activated. The Vanuatu Red Cross Society, with support from the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement partners, quickly mobilized volunteers to conduct needs assessments and provide life-saving assistance in the areas of shelter, health, water and sanitation and psychosocial support. To support the expansion of operations, the International Federation launched an emergency appeal for 5 million Swiss francs, complemented by bilateral contributions from partner National Societies.

After the end of the emergency on December 24, 2024, national coordination moved from emergency response to recovery. The government established the Recovery Operations Center (ROC) under the leadership of the Department of Strategic Policy, Planning and Aid Coordination (DSPPAC) and launched the Earthquake Recovery and Resilience Plan, with an estimated budget of approximately 26 billion Vatu (190 million Swiss francs)2. This framework has set the direction for recovery, reconstruction and resilience-building efforts over several years. By the end of the operation in December 2025, the humanitarian situation had largely stabilized. Most displaced families have returned to their communities and basic services have resumed. Government-led recovery efforts

Through the ROC, complemented by shelter and conditional cash assistance, families have been enabled to continue repairing homes and regaining livelihoods. While the process of rebuilding and psychosocial recovery is still ongoing, public services, including schools and health facilities, have largely resumed operations, and community resilience and disaster risk reduction activities are well under way. Overall, the population has approached a new level of normalcy, with daily life largely restored but long-term recovery and resilience building still ongoing.

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