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The WHO calls for global action on sepsis
The The first global report of the World Health Organization on sepsis finds that efforts to address the millions of deaths and disabilities due to sepsis are hampered by serious knowledge gaps, especially in low- and middle-income countries. According to recent studies, sepsis kills 11 million people each year, many of them children. It disables millions more.
But there is an urgent need for better data. Most published studies on sepsis have been conducted in hospitals and intensive care units in high-income countries, providing little evidence from the rest of the world. Furthermore, the use of different definitions of sepsis, diagnostic criteria, and hospital discharge coding makes it difficult to develop a clear understanding of the true global burden of sepsis.
“The world urgently needs to step up efforts to improve sepsis data so that all countries can detect and treat this terrible condition in time,” says Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “It means strengthening health information systems and ensuring access to fast diagnostic tools and quality care, including safe and affordable medicines and vaccines.”
Sepsis occurs in response to an infection. When sepsis is not recognized early and cannot be managed immediately, it can lead to septic shock, multiple organ failure, and death. Patients who are critically ill with severe COVID-19 and other infectious diseases have a higher risk of developing and dying from sepsis.
Sepsis survivors are not out of danger either: only half will fully recover, the rest will either die within a year or be burdened with a long-term disability.
A serious complication of the infection
Sepsis disproportionately affects vulnerable populations: newborns, pregnant women, and people living in low-resource environments. Approximately 85.0% of sepsis cases and sepsis-related deaths occur under these conditions.
Nearly half of the 49 million cases of sepsis occur among children each year, resulting in 2.9 million deaths, most of which could be prevented by early diagnosis and appropriate clinical treatment. These deaths are often the result of diarrhea or lower respiratory tract infections.
Obstetric infections, including complications after abortion or infections after cesarean section, are the third most common cause of maternal mortality. Globally, it is estimated that for every 1,000 women who give birth, 11 women experience infection, severe organ dysfunction, or death.
The report also reveals that sepsis often comes from infections acquired in healthcare facilities. Approximately half (49%) of patients with sepsis in intensive care units contracted the infection in hospital. It is estimated that 27% of people with sepsis in hospitals and 42% of people in intensive care units will die.
Microbial resistance is a major challenge in treating sepsis because it complicates the ability to treat infections, especially in healthcare-associated infections.
Improving the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of sepsis
Improved sanitation, water quality and availability, and infection prevention and control measures, such as proper hand hygiene, can prevent sepsis and save lives – but must be linked to early diagnosis, proper clinical management, and access to safe and affordable medications and vaccines. These procedures could prevent as many as 84% of neonatal deaths due to sepsis.
The WHO therefore calls on the global community to:
- Improve robust studies and high-quality data collection, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
- Increase global advocacy, funding, and research capacity for epidemiological evidence on the true burden of sepsis.
- Improve surveillance systems, starting with the level of primary health care, including the use of standardized and feasible definitions in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), and the use of existing disease programs and networks.
- Develop rapid, accessible, and appropriate diagnostic tools, especially for primary and secondary care levels, to improve the identification, monitoring, prevention, and treatment of sepsis.
- Engage and better educate health professionals and communities not to underestimate the risk of infections that develop into sepsis and to seek immediate care to avoid clinical complications and the spread of epidemics.
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