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Earthquakes in the Philippines can cause deadly tsunamis

Earthquakes in the Philippines can cause deadly tsunamis

 


The Philippines regularly hits the world news with reports of devastating storms. Even more frightening, as it is less predictable, are local events related to plate tectonics. This means earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Both happen suddenly and without warning or without warning. A hurricane is moving very slowly and there is plenty of time to evacuate the most dangerous areas before a disaster strikes. But there are no warning signs of an earthquake until the moment the ground begins to shake violently.

This was the case on January 21 when an earthquake struck the ocean midway between the Philippine island of Mindanao and the Maluku Islands in Indonesia. The magnitude of the 7.0 earthquake was heartbreaking, enough to destroy a city and possibly produce a devastating tsunami. The hours that followed were especially frightening in Davao, Philippines, a modern business center with a population of around 2 million. The city is located at the northern end of Davao Bay, 32 miles wide at its mouth. On the outskirts of Davao, it narrows to 10 miles. A tsunami, the group of waves produced by sea floor vibration, can pressure this bay. Finding less and less space, waves will eventually build up and break violently upon reaching the shoreline. It is these breakers that cause horrific damage in a tsunami. The luck of the Philippines and Indonesia was that the January 21 earthquake was profound and did not produce a tsunami or major damage.

The basis of these problems is the structure of the Earth’s crust. Plate tectonics, known since the 1960s, explains how a globe resembles a raw egg with a highly cracked shell. Fragments of the crust are tectonic plates. Places in the center of these fragments tend to have no volcanoes and little or no earthquake activity. This is the case for Georgia, with no possibility of the Peachtree Center collapsing in an earthquake or washed away in the savannah by the tsunami. The problems lie at the boundaries of tectonic plates. The friction and grinding of the moving plates causes the vibration we feel as earthquakes and ruptures in the crust allowing the lava to be blown out in a volcanic eruption. An intricate network of “eggshell fissures,” or tectonic plate boundaries, near the Philippine islands guarantees the potential for further future activities.

Rudi Kiefer, Ph.D., professor at the University of Brenau, teaches physical and health sciences at the Brenau campus in Georgia and in China. His column appears on Sunday and on Gainesvilletimes.com.

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