How Fullerton took advantage of the new deal

The current coronavirus disaster has required government assistance on a large scale. The CARES Act was the largest economic relief package in American history with over $ 2 trillion.

But this is not the first time that the United States government has intervened extensively to help keep America standing in the aftermath of the disaster.

During the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt launched a series of large-scale relief efforts and began weaving the fabric of the social safety net, some of which still exist today, such as Social Security and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation).

Roosevelt described it as the new deal. At the time, unemployment was 25 percent – the highest in US history to date. Federal programs such as the Business Progress Management (WPA) and the Civil Conservation Corps (CCC) were created to give people jobs, and at the same time build the country’s infrastructure – new roads, dams, gardens, public buildings and more were created.

WPA alone has given more than 8 million US jobs unemployed for 8 years.

These government programs are not just for workers. WPA artists, writers, actors, and musicians have also been employed to give people not only jobs, but also hope and beauty in difficult times.

Today, nearly a century later, the new Roosevelt Deal is mainly remembered in history books and curricula. But there is another way to remember its legacy, by recognizing the New Deal projects that are still there where we live.

Fullerton was one of the major recipients of New Deal financing and projects, many of which still exist today and which have become some of the most notable features of our local sights.

A few years ago, a book called The New Deal in Orange County California was published by Charles Epting. This thoroughly researched and comprehensive book was the first of its kind to document all New Deal projects in Orange County, city after city, including Fullerton. Here I present what I learned from the helpful Epting guide, which deepened my understanding of my city and the programs that helped build it in the worst of times.

As if the Great Depression was not bad enough to endure it, the Orange Cantonese also faced three major natural disasters during the 1930s.

First came the devastating Long Beach earthquake of 1933, which caused more than $ 50 million in damage and killed 120 people across the region.

Epting wrote: “In some cities, every brick building has been completely destroyed – such as city halls, libraries, police stations, post offices, etc.”

Then came the Santa Ana flood in 1937, followed by the Los Angeles flood in 1938 – damaging millions of others and killing 113 people.

During this flood, “The Santa Anna River swelled to half the flow of the Mississippi River, 317 cubic feet per second, and cities like Anaheim and Santa Ana were inundated six feet of water.”

These floods not only destroyed buildings, but also acres of crops, which were the economic backbone of the region.

The following year, 1939, another disaster occurred – a tropical storm (the only one of its kind to hit the OC in the twentieth century), which destroyed many sidewalks and coastal buildings.

The 1930s were very rough.

Epting wrote: “Because of these disasters, almost every community in Orange County has been profoundly affected by the new deal.” Dozens of schools, city halls, post offices, parks, libraries, and fire stations were built. The roads have been improved, and thousands of jobs have been created. “

Here’s how the new deal benefited from Fullerton.

“After a population of just over 10,000 in 1930, Fullerton was one of the largest cities in Orange County at the time of the Great Depression. Relief projects were numerous. Epting writes:” Fullerton may have had more help than any city Others in Orange County. ”“ The unique thing about Fullerton also is that almost all of the New Deal buildings remain standing and protected as local landmarks. ”

Maple School (244 E Valencia Dr): This school has been modified and expanded after the 1933 earthquake. It was partly funded by the Public Works Department (PWA). It is an example of Art Deco. The plans were drawn by the architect Everett E. Parks.

Wiltshire Junior High School (315 E Wilshire Ave): Originally built in 1921, it was rebuilt and expanded during the 1930s with funding from the Palestinian Water Authority. The style is deco / greco. Now she is a continuing education school.

“Pastoral California” mural at Plummer Hall (201 E Chapman Ave): a giant mural painted by Charles Kasler under the Public Works Art Project in 1934. The mural spanning 75 feet x 15 feet, is unrivaled in size and scope. One of the largest mural paintings commissioned during the new deal.

Fullerton College (321 E Chapman Ave): In 1935 Architect Fullerton Harry K. Vaughn teamed up with landscape architect Ralph D. Cornell to develop a general plan for the new campus, which would be partially funded by WPA and PWA. The first building was the Trade Building, then the Administration and Social Sciences Building, then the Crafts Building.

Fullerton Museum Center (301 N Pomona Ave): The first Fullerton Public Library was a Andrew Carnegie funded library built in 1907. Years of dressing (and the 1933 earthquake) required reconstruction. In 1941, the Carnegie Library was demolished, and a new library was rebuilt by WPA workers. The building was dedicated in 1942. A new library (in the Commonwealth) was built in 1973, and the center of the Fullerton Museum has occupied the building since 1974.

Post Office (202 E Commonwealth Ave): The first federally owned building in Fullerton, was built in 1939 and funded by the Treasury, and was built by crews of local workers. This post office also contains the “Orange Pickers” mural by Paul Julian, funded by the Department of the Treasury for Fine Arts. Paul Julian got a very successful career at Warner Brothers Studios that drives the Looney Tunes Short.

Police Station / Former City Hall (237 W Commonwealth Ave): The impressive Spanish colonial revival building is now home to the Fullerton Police Department. Designed by architect George Stanley Wilson, the building was completed in 1942. One of the most distinctive features of the building is the extensive tile work.

The “Southern California History” mural at the police station: Helen Landberg’s WPA Federal Art Project commissioned in 1941. The mural depicts everything since Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo landed in San Diego in 1542 to the birth of the aircraft and film industry In Los Angeles in almost chronological order.

Hillcrest Park (1200 N Harbor Blvd): The amount of work done at Hillcrest Park during the new deal was amazing, as projects were funded and constructed by CWA, WPA, RFC, and SERA. Much of the landscape in Hillcrest Park was done during this era, such as the exploration of “Big Bowl”. Perhaps the most famous feature of Hillcrest Park is the Depression Stone Works that extend throughout the park. Today, Hillcrest Park is the best example of a WPA-era park in Orange County and has had federal recognition since 2004, so structures are safe.

Amerig Park (300 W Commonwealth Ave): A wooden amphitheater and stone pillars were built on the baseball field in 1934. The amphitheater was destroyed by a fire in the 1980s, but stone flagship columns remain.

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