The constant decline in cases of sleep sickness puts elimination at your fingertips

Countries endemic to African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, continue to record fewer cases, indicating that the disease is on the verge of eradication as a public health problem by the end of this year.

The latest data show that in 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported only 980 cases, which include the numbers of both rodeziense¹ and gambiense² forms of the disease.

“There were 864 cases of gambiense HAT, which is a chronic and more common form of the disease, last year compared to 953 cases in 2018, representing a 9% drop in one year,“Said Dr. José Ramón Franco-Minguell, physician, WHO’s Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases Control.”It has followed a continuous downward trend over the last 20 years.“

The total combined number of both forms of the disease in 2018 was 977 cases. The slight increase in cases is due to the higher number of HAT cases with rodeziens (a form of less common disease) in Malawi.³

The decline continued

In 2000, there were 26,550 confirmed cases reported to the WHO. Persistent surveillance efforts have reduced the figure below 10,000 for the first time in 50 years in 2009 – a reduction that continued to 7,129 cases in 2010, 2,800 in 2015 and now to current levels, a 96% decrease in recent years. 20 years of the year.

“This achievement is largely due to the hard work and efforts of national control programs and a range of committed WHO stakeholders and support,“Said Dr. Gerardo Priotto, physician, WHO’s Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases Control.”Added to this is the long-standing collaboration between Sanofi and Bayer HealthCare who have generously donated drugs and facilitated other initiatives, including staff training to improve patient control and screening activities over the past 20 years.”

The WHO warns that the world should not repeat the mistakes of the past and become premature.

“Elimination as a public health problem in 2020 is a transitional step,“Dr. Franco-Minguell said.”We need to do much more to achieve sustainable transmission elimination (zero cases) for HAT gambiense 2030 as envisaged in the new WHO NTD roadmap.“

To achieve the 2030 targets, it is necessary to maintain the commitment of endemic diseases and disease providers as well as the integration of control activities into health systems. These efforts should be supported by the development of improved tools, the adoption of innovative approaches to disease control and the effective coordination of stakeholder work to ensure synergies between efforts.

Check the number of newly reported cases Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.

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¹Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense HAT (r-HAT) is a zoonotic disease transmitted by tsetse flies from wild and domestic animals. It is found in East and South Africa.
²Trypanosoma brucei gambiense HAT (g-HAT) is mainly an anthroponotic disease that accounts for more than 98% of all HAT cases. It is found mainly in West and Central Africa.
³In Malawi, there has been a significant increase in the number of cases in the last months of 2019 around the Vwaza Marsh and Nkhotakota wildlife reserves, where wildlife diversity is considered a major potential accumulation of the disease.
⁴WHO provides free antitripanosomal drugs for endemic countries through public-private partnerships with Sanofi (pentamidine, melarsoprol, eflornithine, and fexinidazole) and Bayer HealthCare (suramin and nifurtimox). Medicines are conditioned and delivered in cooperation with MSF-Logistics.

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